In the last 5 days alone, I have come across scientific papers reporting incidence percentages from cross-sectional study designs, some are using the terms "incidence" and "prevalence" interchangeably. My experience is that incidence levels (proportion of new cases over time) can only be calculated from cohort studies and is totally different from prevalence (proportion of cases of interest at a given time over total number of sampled subjects). In which study designs is it appropriate to use either "incidence" or "prevalence" levels?
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