I think the system of testing can cause students to do rote learning to pass as it's all cognitive. You can practice to past papers to learn the answers.
The idea of rote learning is that one will be able to quickly recall the meaning of the material the more one repeats it. I think rote learning helps in situations where specific words/terms are required for the answer of a specific question or with questions that have to do with steps/procedures.
Some students can easily store information once is being taught, others can't and so use this learning method to store information so they can pass their exams. Such students must make conscious effort to learn for life not just to pass their exams.
Many students are only interested in acquiring a degree, usually for work purposes, and getting a 2.1. Their time at university is geared to that end, and they have a limited interest in the subject.They learn how to pass exams and write essays-and that's it.