As water crisis threatens the sustainability of the irrigated rice ecosystem across the globe (Cantrell 2002; Farooq et al 2011; Yadav et al. 2011), cultivation of aerobic rice is gradually catching the imagination of people and efforts are being made to increase the productivity of this system. Even that, what are main preseasons to not doing farmers in Asia.
Dear Babu,
I will give you some information about rice direct seeding in China.
In the last decade, rice cultivation area in China amounts to 28,000,000-32,000,000 ha (http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/index.php?option=com_zoo&view=item&layout=item&Itemid=857), including ~200,000 ha of direct-sown rice. Why is direct seeding not popularized among farmers in China? Three main reasons (socially and technically):
1. Farmers lack sufficient understanding of direct seeding. The industrialized rice raising and mechanized rice transplantation are now widely used and have strongly improved the efficiency of rice cultivation in the last decade, it takes time for farmers to understand direct seeding is even more efficient. (but for the small farms, maybe the high efficiency of direct seeding is not necessarily attractive.)
2. Compared to mechanized transplantation, in direct seeding, extreme weathers after seeding may have a severe impact on the sown seeds or weak seedlings which may result in a high-risked loss. This problem is highlighted in two-crop paddy fields.
3. Weed problems.
http://www.camn.agri.gov.cn/Html/2016_05_31/2_1842_2016_05_31_29528.html (An interview report with Prof. Xiwen Luo in the Chinese Academy of Engineering)
sorry, references are probably only available in Chinese. Hope it will help.
Regards,
Yingying
Dear Meena, I am working with 3 different rice cultivation (SRI, DSR, CTR) systems since last 3 years. In case of direct seeded rice, the choice of season is too much important. In wet season if there is heavy rainfall after seeding in field, seeds are dispersed all over the fields. Secondly, seeds may get dessicated due to standing water after heavy torrential rainfall. I have faced it personally. I have to resow the seeds 2 to 3 times. In view of fertilization, the basal dose of NPK in DSR is simply unworthy because it is prone to loss as there is no plant roots to assimilate it and weeds get proliferation due to this basal fertilization. Weed problem is so severe in DSR. Simple pre-emergence herbicides are incapable to check weed population. DSR may be beneficial to those tracts where ground water scarcity is severe but here also method of DSR demands attention. In dry tract you can't use wet DSR. You have to go for dry DSR without puddling due to lack of irrigation. Is it efficient as conventional flooding method ? I don't think so. I think these are the main constraints.
Insufficient knowledge, lack of trained persons, weed infestation, inappropiate cultivar and in some case weather conditions are the major concerns for the successful establishment of dry DSR.
There are several reasons for non or poor adoption:
1. High yielding varieties of Aerobic Rice are not available.
2. Weed control strategy still to be developed.
3. Large scale demo of the technology have failed miserably.
Interesting points/observations by colleagues.Can colleagues comment on the three important/major points mentioned by Dr.Ram Chet Chaudhary?Other colleagues also mentioned one or more of these points in their comments.
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