Hello
I'm trying to fabricate PEN/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/MAPbI3 thin film via the sequential spin-dip coating method but I constantly get microstructure with cubiod&needle-like particles rather than grains.
Why are there cuboid&needle-like particles and how I can remove them and obtain a uniform poreless film? Thanks.
The dip coating needs to optimise several parameters for a good coverage of films on the substrates such as the concentration of your solution, speed, and environmental factors of temperature, humidity.
The display of cuboid&needle-like shape crystals within coating morphology is indeed a reflection to the morphology of the coating solution and so nothings to do no more than only to crosscheck the materials and the methodology of the preparations for these solutions. In this respect, it is better to stand on the morphology of the coating solution by the AFM which can revealed any content of cuboid&needle-like shape crystals within coating solutions.
Please look at the attached Doctoral thesis titled "Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose films and coatings from industrial bio-residues" by MH Rodriguez, item 4.1.3 on page 24 .
Best regards,
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:990113/FULLTEXT01.pdf
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