Why 3GPP combined S-GW and P-GW in LTE to one component SGW-PGW in 5G mobile network?
The figure shows the Serving Gateway and PDN Gateway of LTE. These two components have been combined in 5G for a reason related to IP impairments and signaling issues.
Any idea or link that clarifies this point?
I was reading this paper "Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Cellular Networks:
Use Cases, Challenges and Approaches" but I couldn't find the exact answer. Which causes the delay? Is it the Serving GW or PDN GW, and why?
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Control plane & user plane are separated in 5G. This is called as CUPS( control & user plane separation). SGW & PGW are split as SGW-C, PGW-C & SGW-U, PGW-U. With this, the user plane can be deployed in edge in cloud near to teh user thus reducing latency. CUPS is introduced by 3GPP in release 14. Reference : 3GPP TS 23.214 Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes; Stage 2 - R14.
3GPP TS 29.244 Interface between the Control Plane and the User Plane of EPC Nodes; Stage 3 - R14.
TLDR;
They are not merged, a new Service based Architecture is proposed based on modular Network Functions (NFs) with Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS).
Details:
In 5G, all the naming of the NFs is revisited in order to address the Service Based Architecture approach (SBA) proposed to address functions modularity and service oriented designs.
For example: The former Mobility Management Entity of 4G (MME) that used to take care of Session Management is handled by two new NFs in 5G with CUPS, called User Plane Function (UPF) for user plane and Access and Mobility Function (AMF) for control plane connectivity.
Furthermore, Packet routing and forwarding that used to be handled by the Serving and Packet Gateways (SGW and PGW) in 4G, are handled in 5G by an NF called Session Management Function (SMF) for control plane and the UPF.
For details on the SBA, Please refer to 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) (23.501 and 23.502).
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