Because of strong ionic interaction of water with NH2-groups (NH3+)
Hi Eman,
typically APTS is used to allow for surface chemistry on the glass surface, for example to couple a protein onto a glass surface. In what context did you come across APTS?
Silanes and siloxyl groups are extremely interesting and should be used in concentration in the ppm or less. APTS has been found to attach ionic to the surface with the hydroxyl grouping. Which is also the way water attaches to glass. So putting APTS in alcohol first and the diluting with ultra pure deionised water and then dipping the clean dry glass in the solution will result in APTS surface doping. The other end of the APTS is waving in the air(solution) to selectively key into certain compounds. High concentrations cannot key into the surface and ultimately do not improve the performance at the interface. It is very interesting to start looking at these chemicals in decreasing concentrations (which tends to improve adhesion properties to a limit). We started research in the early 1990's with many samples of a 'process waste product' from union carbide which were various silanes.
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