I am looking for different study cases for a research about open processes in architectural design.
The University of Architecture and Urbanism in Bucharest (http://www.uauim.ro/en/) was extended in the sixties (you can have a first aerial view here, https://maps.google.com/?ll=44.436543,26.100217&spn=0.004101,0.005289&t=h&z=18&source=gplus-ogsb). If this is of any help to you, please let me know how can I help.
https://maps.google.com/?ll=44.436543,26.100217&spn=0.004101,0.005289&t=h&z=18&source=gplus-ogsb
It reminds me of the Politechnical Institute campus in Bucharest...
https://maps.google.com/?ll=44.438667,26.048305&spn=0.011598,0.021157&t=h&z=16&source=gplus-ogsb
Thank you so much, Adrian and Matas!
There were a lot of new campus planned in the 60's (in Europe it was de great time for reaching the welfare state) that followed the idea of a "mat-building" (low rise and high density buildings whose composition responds to a grid in order to gain flexibility, just like "carpets"). The big paradigmatic example is the Freie Universität of Berlin (Dhalem campus: https://maps.google.com/?ll=54.72234,25.334548&spn=0.00531,0.013937&t=h&z=17) from Candilis, Josic & Woods, but others architects and planners were working with this typology.
Surely, I will study the references you gave me!
Freie Univeristät Berlin, 1963-73
Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic and Shadrach Woods
The campus of Delft University of technology, at least, most of it. As you said, it had a boost during the 60/70's and was mainly designed by van den Broek & Bakema architects. Yet, the campus' buildings nearest to the city centre of Delft are the oldest and origin from the early twentieth century.
Unfortunately. the Hashemite University masterplan in Jortdan was planned in early nineties. However, I advise you to search for Yarmouk University in Irbid City, North Jordan. It was planned in mid seventies. It would be a good case.
Architecture department, Campus Lichtwiese, 1960s
TU Darmstadt, Germany
http://www.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/ueberuns/ueberuns_intro.en.jsp
For sure, Suzanne! Van den Broek & Bakema architects were great architects of this period (Bakema was attending almost every Team 10 meeting and was discussing the typology building that we are researching). I didn't know the Delft University of Technology was planned by them... I looked on Google maps and I couldn't identify which were the old buildings you were talking about. In any case I found some great drawings on the NAI Collection... Thank you so much! I will keep interest on that case!
Thank you, Shaher! It is very interesting for us to find campus in different geographic locations. It help us to compare the adaptation of the planning concepts to various climates and culture frames.
https://maps.google.es/maps?q=Yarmouk+University+in+Irbid+City,+North+Jordan&ie=UTF-8&ei=0IG0Uv_RM6HQ7AahqoDICQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg
Gorgeous study case, Martin! I enjoyed very much reading the website page about the history of the building, especially the chapter "The Darmstadt Building System". It confirms that the compositional grids are followed by a construction system (usually in concrete prefabs) intending to reach the promised flexibility and growth. The interiors seems so nice... I will definitively include this case between our interests. Thank you so much!
http://www.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/ueberuns/geschichte/fakultaetsgebaeude/geschichtedesgebaeudes_volltext.en.jsp
Funny Debora, I see that you included a drawing of the faculty of architecture that unfortunately went up in flames on the 23rd of May, 2008. It brings back memories seeing these drawings. Thank you! The faculty is now located in the oldest building of the campus... Bakema architects were again (one of the multiple) architects that retrofitted that building for the current faculty.
I knew about that fire, Suzanne. It is worth doing a visit to your campus, that's why I am planning to go there shortly (and take a look to Bakema collection at NAI). Thank you again!
Thank you, Salem! I didn't know about your university... Certainly another case to study!
http://www.birzeit.edu/history
the University of Newcastle, Australia was planned and most of it was built in the 60/70s
University of Ghana and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Infact KNUST host the department of architecture and UG has the Institute of African studies. They are places where you can get a lot of information.
There is no the faculty of Architecture (I do not understand if you are interested just in them), but is worthwhile having a look at the work of Giancarlo De Carlo for the Urbino (Italy) campus/ city as he was one another member of the Team X and he was also town planner of the city itself. He designed projects for construction and renovation of faculties and university residences between the 60s and the 90s.
http://designobserver.com/media/pdf/II_Magistero:__1140.pdf
In Italian but including some drawings of the Urbino project
http://architettura.it/books/2004/200411017/
Thank you very much, Aliaa! As I can see on Google Maps, Baghdad University seems to be planned with a kind of buildings associated in clusters and following a same pattern... Any website where I could find more information?
https://maps.google.es/maps?hl=es&tab=wl
Tessa, I've visited your website and i guess we are talking about the campus situated at Callaghan... Nice place and big university! Thank you for sharing this information.
Hello Luca! Sorry about the missunderstanding, I am looking for whole campus, and not particularly Faculties of Architecture. I knew about the work of Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino, but the links you share are great! Specially the drawings! Thank you so much!
Thank you Kwasi! I think I got the website of both universities and I have a lot of stuff to read!
The main building of my University is planned in 1968-1969 and build in next years. Here is a link:
http://uacg.bg/?p=31&l=2
Débora, las escuelas de Sevilla (Aparejadores y Arquitectura) son de ese periodo. Pero como sabes no conforman realmente un campus
Thank you, Stoyanka! Another interesting example in a different country!
ALL of you are very helpful!!
Muchas gracias, Amparo. Voy a echarles un vistazo de todas maneras...
prof. Fani Vavili, School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Our university campus was under construction since 1950's
Our North Campus at the University of Michigan was build mainly during the 60's and 70's which includes both Architecture and Engineering departments. The plan and some of the buildings were designed by Eero Saarinen.
"The noted Finnish architect, Eero Saarinen, the first president of the Cranbrook Institute and the son of the former University faculty member, Eliel Saarinen, was retained in 1951 to develop the master plan for the North Campus site."
(from the University of Michigan web site)
http://umhistory.dc.umich.edu/mort/north_campus/North%20Campus/
Olá Débora, sou professor na FAUP, Porto e posso ajudar-te (escrevo em português, mas se não entenderes posso tentar escrever em castelhano) - na minha universidade há edifícios que se construíram nesses anos; na universidade de Lisboa há também, mas o caso de Coimbra é o mais significativo; há uma tese de doutoramento de uma professora de Lisboa - Madalena Cunha Matos - q estou os campus em vários países. Podes escrever em castelhano q eu entendo bem e podes escrever directamente para mim - [email protected] (telefono de contato direto no mau gabinete (00351 226057139) ou pessoal para sms (00351 967201121)
You are lucky, Peter Von Buelow. Yours is a great campus, as was Eero Saarinen architect.
The Mortimer Cooley Memorial Laboratory looks very interesting, with this regular façades... I keep the original drawing of the campus for further study.
Thank you so much!
Rui Tavares, thank you very much for all the information! I'm going to take a look at those universities (Porto, Lisboa, Coimbra) and if they are following the premises of regular patterns, flexibility, open-process design... that I am looking for, I will surely contact you again to have access at the PhD Dissertation you recommend.
A couple of things about De Carlo interventions in Urbino,
The university residence "Collegio del Colle" started to be built in the 1962.
The "Magistero" was finished in mid-Seventies.
The other residences (Aquilone, Vela e TRidente) was realized between 1972 and 1983, gradually released.
Other interventions between the Sixties and Nineties (he or his studio).
Check the first construction phase of the EPFL in Lausanne in the 70's from architects Jakob Zweifel and Heinrich Strickler.
And also the first phase of the Freie Universität in Berlin Dahlem from Candilis Josic Woods.
Thank you for the new answers.
Marta Magagnini and Luca Elle, Giancarlo De Carlo and his work at Urbino is one of my favorite study cases. As an active member of the Team 10, he discussed about the concept of "open work" and he put in practise the ideas of conections, growth, patterns of form... in his projects.
I didn't know about the Department of Engeneering of Marche. Thank you!
Amazing building, this Center of Environmental Planning and Technology in Ahmedabad. I'm grateful, Maharshi Desai.
Guillaume, the Freie Universität in Berlin is the "great" case study for me, as it is the paradigm of the so-called "mat-building" (Alison Smithson, AD 9/74), but I would love to visit the EPFL in Lausanne. Thank you so much for this reference, it is just the kind of campus building I'm looking for..
Antonio Millán-Gómez
UPC_BarcelonaTECH, ILA&UD Senior Lecturer (1985, 1986, 1992)
Giancarlo De Carlo's interventions in Urbino demand a deep analysis, since there were two main operations at work: the preservation of Urbino's Heritage buildings, respecting the structure of the city as a megastructure (fact that was discussed within the pages of AD, opening a new debate in the international Architectural milieu) and that required a lower density of students occupation. Giancarlo's Magistero, even his rehabilitation of Teatro Sanzio, etc. continued this involvement of his work with the city, his citizens and their participation in an improved design .
The second operation was to allocate these students within a new site. And Collegio del Colle, Aquilone, Vela and Tridente would be included in a second category.
The term I coined was a "parallel city", at work in his whole idea: a recovery of institutional buildings and public space, and, besides, an area of residences for students.
But, at the same time, some issues such as the reading of contexts where intervention took place, new paradigms of interpretation and language, and new proposals emerged within the work of architects linked to Team X, passed to us within the ILA&UD Laboratory.
Collegio del Colle can be compared with some sketched notions depicted by Aldo Van Eyck, the initial notion of megastructure can be followed from Fumihiko Maki's Notes on collective Form, and matt-buildings, the links between matt-buildings to avoid the coincidence of pedestrians and vehicular traffic can be seen -of course- at the Freie Universität in Berlin (Candilis-Josic-Woods), the relations between "tube and wire" in Alison Smith son's terms, i.e. connectivity and usage and how they fostered new qualities in the urban structure, something approached with sensitivity by both Leslie Martin and Colin St. John Wilson. New paradigms were provided by Peter Smithson in his lectures at ILA&UD, and applied to their work: the so-called conglomerate ordering, of 1985, 1986 etc. that could be applied to a deeper understanding of SMScala, Siena as well as Urbino and some buildings by Le Corbusier in Ahmedabad, included by Peter in his Canon of Conglomerate.
So, more than facing a particular typology, that of University Campus as a possible solution of urban problems, we are in front of several lines of thought, that evolve, depart or converge, allowing a comparison of social and urban structures.
Besides buildings, one cannot forget a deep, moving humanity of all the people mentioned. With hindsight, this is the initial clue to understand it all. They were, they are magnificent!
Thank you, Antonio, for your complete and so detailed answer! It is a very nice surprise to find you here, and your reflections are, as always, deeply interesting.
I made this question, after studying for a while, the paradigmatic mat-building Freie Universität of Berlin. We discovered that our university (Universitat Politècnica de València) has in fact many things in common with this master example. Being far more modest in its resolution, the department program composition and the sense of open work remain in its construction. That encouraged us to continue with the search of less-known campus that could fit in these concepts. So now, we are trying to collect other study cases...
I have just find out, for example, several department buildings and colleges at University of York (Robert Matthew Johnson-Marshall & Partners), also at University of Birmingham (Arup Associates).
Best regards!
Berlin TU, where I studied and worked, but where I don't belong to at the moment, was mostly built in the said time.
Thank you, Dmitry!
My reference in Berlin was the Freie Universität campus at Dahlem, but yours also seems to be very interesting. I took a look... The Faculty of Architecture, and the Faculty of Electrical Engineering are great buildings!
Regards
http://www.markushattwig.de/photo/tu-berlin-architektur-haus/#
FU (Free University) has no architecture faculty, I couldn't study there and, considering your question, I took it out of the options.
Then, the FU is more a conglomerate than a campus. It is scattered over vast areas of town. It grew into villas that were there before, around the pre-war private research institutes; later on some villas were replaced with purpose-built structures, and finally, with its Rust Shack and Silver Shack, FU has all signs of a mega-structure, a carpet covering all.
Which is all not without merit, but - see above, it just ain't campus!
TU Nord, which is a triangle between 17th June St., March St., and Einstein Quay, and where the Hermkes/Scharoun architecture building sits, is a purely period arrangement of academic institutions around a central green lawn. All in walkable distance, no traffic inside, sort of academic seclusion. It even comes with a students sports club and a kindergarden!
Thank you again, Dmitry, for your complete information!
I am visiting Berlin next week, and of course I have planned to visit again the FU (the paradigm of my research topic, mat-building or the kind of "carpet" building you described). But in fact, you convince me to visit the Architecture Faculty at TU campus. Didn't know about the architect, Hermkes Bernhard, but the building has this brutalism touch of the 60s which I found so amazing!
http://architectuul.com/architecture/architecture-faculty-tu-berlin
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Hermkes - he did several houses around the Ernst Reuter sq.
Hello Debora,
I have been studying the campuses in Brazil since my Masters. On Doctorate deepened my analysis in an emblematic building for the University of Brasília: The Central Science Institute. It is a mega-structure (with "open work" ideas) composed in long curved linear building. Attached I send my thesis. I hope it can be useful!
Could you suggest me references about Urbino?
Hello Klaus,
Thank you very much for sharing your PhD dissertation! For sure, I will read your work and follow your research.
The Brasilian architecture of the 60s and 70s is certainly one of the most interesting approaching the concept of "open work" (linked to "brutalism" and other parallel concepts) and campuses seem to fit so well in this way of understanding the architectural procesus...
About Urbino, I would begin by checking out "Team 10. 1953-1981" edited by Max Risselada and Dirk van den Heuvel (NAI publishers). This Italian university was discussed in several meetings (one of them was even hold there), and you would find amazing drawings and original pictures. This book has archival references at the end so it shouldn't be difficult to follow up on other references.
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