Does anyone know something about first sciences, especially mathematics.               1. My question is: when and which science have emerged as first ?                     2. The place and role of mathematics among the oldest sciences.

I will start with a few remarks about mathematics:

1. Already its paradigmatic place in the domain of human knowledge, independent of all other valid reasons, mathematics deserves a special place.

2. The oldest known thinkers of antique civilization have been characteristic way of mathematical form of knowledge, and since then it deserves as a model of scientific value and measures of  exactness of the overall knowledge.

3. Already in the middle ages, mathematics in his former division accounted for two of the seven skills which was dedicated to the study of the traditional University (geometry and arithmetic) in quadriviumu. And the third one-seventh, logic, the trivium of today would be the relevant part, in the form of mathematical logic, also regarded as one of the domains of mathematics.

Does anyone know something about first sciences, especially mathematics.               1. My question is: when and which science have emerged as first ?                     2. The place and role of mathematics among the oldest sciences.

I will start with a few remarks about mathematics:

1. Already its paradigmatic place in the domain of human knowledge, independent of all other valid reasons, mathematics deserves a special place.

2. The oldest known thinkers of antique civilization have been characteristic way of mathematical form of knowledge, and since then it deserves as a model of scientific value and measures of  exactness of the overall knowledge.

3. Already in the middle ages, mathematics in his former division accounted for two of the seven skills which was dedicated to the study of the traditional University (geometry and arithmetic) in quadriviumu. And the third one-seventh, logic, the trivium of today would be the relevant part, in the form of mathematical logic, also regarded as one of the domains of mathematics.

Dear Peter Breuer  and  Baravan A. Asaad,

   Thank you for your notice about reformulating the question.

Best Regards

In 1618, Napier was introduced the natural logarithm.

Napier, called also Neper, has found it, OK. I think "e" is for Euler who made it famous, notably by showing that e^ix = cos x + i sin x (in particular e^iPI - 1 = 0, which sums up well a pretty part of elementary complex analysis. i is the square root of minus one, the pure imaginary unity (0, 1) in the complex plane.

Dear Khaled,

see https://brilliant.org/wiki/the-discovery-of-the-number-e

Greetings, Tadeusz

I think it was Napier.

 As Anna Tatarczak I think it was Napier. e  is known as Euler's constant but e is also named Napier's constant. Euler's choice of the symbol e is said to have been retained in his honor.

When someone ask us about the number e , we will respond without thinking short e is an irrational, transcedental number approximately equal 2,71828. ande is the special base of the logarithm, so-called natural base of logarithm, and we will first think of Euler and  Euler's  famous formula  exp(ix) = cos x + i sin x  from elementary complex analysis.

In high school classes e is introduced when learning about exponents and logarithms  as a “special” base.