Update: I found an IEEE publication which mentions sensors similar to these as resistive soil moisture sensors (DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370444).
As a practitioner, and due to the lack of available documentation, I am not sure what kind of sensors these are. I had a look at the literature (DOI: 10.1029/WR016i006p00961) was not sure whether these are resistive sensors or resistance type of hygrometers. Could anyone clarify based on some documented evidence or from experience?