Dear all,

High beurocracy hihly complicate field ecolocial and evolutionary research nowadays. Nearly all tropical countries (maybe all?) requires research permit for performitng research and in a lot of countries is permit the costliest and the most difficult part of expedition (of course, now the most problematic is coronavirus and regulations, but my qousteion is about standart world). I plan perfrom research in tropical countries (where is high diversity of Ceratina bees which I study) but I do nod need specific location (natural history of these bees is almost unknown in all tropics). Therefore, one of the most important factor for effectivity of this research is how easy is leaglly way for performing of this research (including export of genetic material). Although obtaining of permits is generally difficult, one of fundamental features of the world is that variability exists, therefore I soppose, that some countries will be easier than others.

The important parametres for me are: 1) general rules: if will be possible perform research and export samples in areas outside protected areas, it will be optimal (this situtatiopn is e.g. in Czech republic, my home country, but I do know any tropcal country where it is trues). 2) beurocracy: only small paperwork and speed processes (until three months). Optimal if together is issued research also export permit 3) price: permits somewhere are per thousantds dollars, somewhere cheaper, proably also exists countris without application fee. Until thousand dollars is relatively ok for me. 4) necessity of local collaborator (i am generally not against local collaborator, but for effective collaboration there must be shared research interest, not only duty given by law).

Note: I know webpage Skeptical moth (https://www.theskepticalmoth.com/collecting-permits/) where are some information. Although this webpage is useful, I will try open here another discussion, because it can help to perform research effectively me and I hope that also others

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