Why not use other sovents? Alcohol solvents are good to be used for ZnOx particles. Sometimes you may need to use mixing solvents to achieve the best results.
I assume your ZnO is a powder? It's thus a collection of fused sub- and post-micron aggregates and agglomerates. There are no free, discrete, independent particles < 100 nm in a powder.
The 3 steps in obtaining a stable dispersion are wetting, separation, and stabilization with the middle step being key. The only dispersing agent is energy. Any liquids or additives are either wetting agents or stabilizers. They impart no energy into the system.
If the powder wets then there's no need for a surfactant. If the system isn't stable after energy input (both high shear and sonication) then an ionic (charge/electrostatic) or steric stabilizer can be employed to keep the particles separated.
The system should not be dried to preserve any nanoparticles in colloidal suspension.
One exception in the above is stress corrosion milling. Google is your friend.
For more information (open in Internet Explorer ONLY; this is an old presentation that's not been updated for mobile devices or browsers such as Chrome):
Nov 11th, 2008. Dispersion and nanotechnology http://tinyurl.com/hpywsge
Good luck.
dear doctor Xuhua Wang, thank you for an answer, it's true that they are many solvents. but I want to mix two powder in one of top solvent. for two days I make research on google to find the appropriate concentration to solve ZnO in deionized water.
Thank you, dear Sudeep Mudhulu . have you any paper research contain appropriate concentration to solve ZnO in deionized water?
I currently don't have any papers but go with dmf that's better...15-20 ml for 10 wt% ZnO nanoparticles
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