Which Nano-materials have high fire point, flash point, thermal
conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. So that it can be used in a coolant incorporated with base fluids.
Copper nanoparticles have the highest thermal conductivity, but their heat capacity Cp is not the highest. However, from my many computational tests, the copper nanoparticles give the best heat transfer in closed system.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/search?qs=heat%20carrying%20capacity%20nano-particles&show=25&sortBy=relevance
The data were compared with that of pure water. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficient increased for the addition of alumina nano- particles with water compared to titania nanoparticles. ... Increase in jet pressure decreased the heat transfer coefficient.
Nanofluids (Al2O3, CuO, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nano tubes, silver oxide, brass, gold etc.) by 0.5% to 3% of volume concentration in combination with the base fluid (water, ethylene glycol etc.) surely enhances heat transfer in different thermal equipments. The reason is nano fluids have nano particles of size varying from 20 nano particles to 50 nano particles which has higher thermal conductivity, high heat capacities, good oxidation, larger surface area to volume ratio etc. Moreover, now a days Al2O3, carbon nano tubes, graphene are easily used may be due their availability and cost wise to calculate heat transfer rate experimentally. Depending on the purpose, different nanofluids are used such as in automobile radiators, heat exchangers etc.
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