What is a reference band for polyisocyanurate (PIRs) foams in FTIR in order to account the density changes?

Dear experts, I am dealing with the synthesis and characterization of PIR foams. In particular, I am monitoring the kinetics of these foams by FTIR (please find the spectra attached below). As...

06 July 2019 5,462 3 View

In which way the contact between two reactants can be affected by the degree of mixing?

Dear experts, I am investigating how polyurethanes are affected by the degree of mixing. More in general, I am interested to study how the contact between the two reactants (in my case polyol and...

05 June 2019 4,724 7 View

How to mix pentane with polyol without air bubbles introduction by dynamic mixing?

Dea experts, I am working in the field of polyurethane synthesis. I would kindly ask it there is any method and/or techinique suitable to add liquid pentane (blowing agent) to the polyol phase...

05 June 2019 3,697 4 View

Are there any optical techniques that allow to turn an opaque material into transparent material?

Dear experts, I am studying bubble nucleation and growth mechanism in polyurethane foams by meaning of high-speed camera. My current issue is related to the observation of just the first layer of...

11 December 2018 8,918 0 View

How to use Canny edge detector for polymeric (polyurethane) foams?

Dear experts, I would like to detect bubble (or cell) boundaries of polyurethane foams during their expansion. Please find attached two microphotographs of the abovementioned systems. How can I...

11 December 2018 981 2 View

Heat exchanger with liquid Nitrogen as coolant?

I want to cool Natural Gas from 195 Kelvin to 138 Klevin in a heat exchanger by using liquid nitrogen as the coolant medium. When entering the heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen will have a...

01 March 2021 6,450 5 View

Can polymer concentrations be calculated based on the number average molecular weight?

Hello, I spin-cast two different polymers onto wafers and measure their height as a function of initial concentration. For polymer A, I have the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) as well as...

28 February 2021 7,882 2 View

What is the density for pva electrospining?

I'm Juan Carlos, a high school student who is working with electropinning, I made an electropinning machine with a 21g needle and a 30kv high voltage source and the distance between my needle is...

28 February 2021 298 3 View

1 nm thick MgO thin-film to be deposited on Si wafer using thermal evaporation. What will be the optimum deposition conditions?

Favourable conditions of base pressure, rate of deposition. Also, by which characterisation technique to be used to verify the thickness of the deposited film.

28 February 2021 3,640 3 View

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I am trying to find how to know the density needed for a pva electrospinning in a 0.6mm neddle, the electrospinning will be from top to bottom and the problem I really have is the solution because...

25 February 2021 2,615 3 View

How to prepare a thin polymer film by post-polymerization/crosslinking?

24 February 2021 2,362 5 View

Is is possible to pole with corona poling pellets of the sample material instead of thin films?

As it is highly probable that pellets will have a higher degree of air gaps and voids than thin films, is it possible to pole the samples with corona poling nevertheless? Or is there the...

24 February 2021 1,349 1 View

How to troubleshoot Electrochromic Films and Electrochromic Devices?

I am trying to characterize an electrochromic system. The system uses ITO electrodes on glass, WO3 as the electrochromic film, and NiO as the ion storage layer. When I deposit NiO and WO3 and...

23 February 2021 9,592 2 View

How to improve the adhesion between germanium and silicon monoxide thin film layers using EBEAM evaporation?

I want to deposit multilayer coating of germanium and silicon monoxide on silicon wafer using ebeam evaporation?

21 February 2021 2,141 3 View

How can I measure the thickness of thin layers deposited on textured glass susbtrates?

I want to measure the thickness of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide layers deposited on textured glass substates. The layer thicknesses are typically below 100nm.

21 February 2021 5,465 4 View