I am preparing cell samples for ELISA to measure intracellular (total) protein expression. I do not want to extract the proteins as this is not compatible with the kit we have available. I want to lyse and homogenate the cells to assess the protein expression.
Tween 20 is more useful for lysing mammalian cells at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.5%,
You don't specify the tissue source. If not something with heavy membrane influence (particularly endoplasmic reticulum in higher eukaryotes), no detergent at all is best so that you won't have binding problems. For example, the SDS used for standard electrophoresis is almost impossible to remove and mucks up the antigenicity.
Both Tween and Triton are nonionic, and Triton's MW is half that of Tween, easier to dialyze. But remember these are what's used to remove poorly bound proteins in the wash phase.
Concentration of Triton recommended is 0.2-0.9 mM; of Tween 20 0.06 mM. https://www.labome.com/method/Detergents-Triton-X-100-Tween-20-and-More.html
An important component is a chelating agent; and a good means of disruption is freezing and/or a bead beater or silica sand; I swear by sintered glass tissue homogenizers. I suspect it would be best to do two types of homogenization, one qualitative prep'd for ELISA, then take the same homogenate and process again by less gentle, complete dissolution for standard SDS electrophoresis.
Here's Thermo Fisher's advice on ELISA detergents: https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/D19563~.pdf
https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/D19563~.pdf
I agree with the previous answer which stated that triton is a very strong treatment for this kind of experiment, just because some poorly associated proteins can be easily extracted from membrane fractions during lysis with low amounts of triton X-100...If you are looking to antigens attached to cell membrane, maybe an hypotonical lysis should be better. I think you can perforn an hypotonical lysis using tris 12,5 mM + 1 mM EDTA pH 8.3 as a lysis buffer...I think you can do it with the help of a potter (ten times up and down at 1200 rpm) using this ET Hypotonic buffer...I did this for kidney, colon, gut and stomach source cells with excellent results... Consider to use the smallest concentration of detergents as possible, and instead of the two mentioned, consider to use C12E8 widely accepeted as a less aggresive detergent to membrane proteins...
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