While working on the interface engineering of perovskite solar cells. I came up with this confusion of LUMO energy difference between ETL (electron transport layer) and perovskite layer.
LUMO of ETL should be the same or slightly higher (within few kT). If ETL is so thin it can be tunneled through other considerations apply. HOMO of ETL should have a huge barrier.
I will not repeat the answer of Manuel again but I want to advise you to refer the paper in the link:Conference Paper Generic Analytical Models for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells
You will see how the energy levels are aligned in the perovskite solar cells including the ETL layer.