Insects play diverse roles in ecosystems, not only as vectors of diseases but also as important agents in disease management. Beneficial insects act as natural predators, parasitoids, or competitors of harmful vectors, thereby reducing the spread of human, animal, and plant diseases. For example, dragonflies and aquatic beetles feed on mosquito larvae, helping to suppress malaria and dengue vectors. Similarly, ladybird beetles, lacewings, and predatory bugs control aphids and whiteflies that transmit plant pathogens. Beyond direct predation, insects also contribute indirectly through pollination (enhancing plant vigor and disease resistance), soil improvement (promoting beneficial microbes and reducing root diseases), and advanced methods like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) or Wolbachia-based mosquito control. These approaches are increasingly used as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to minimize pesticide use and promote sustainable agriculture and public health. Given these roles, there is growing scientific interest in understanding how insects can be harnessed for eco-friendly disease control strategies.

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