The book _Natural Language Processing: A Paninian Perspective_ by Bharati et al. has a good overview of the issues. You can find a review of it in the CL journal, Sept. 1995.
For languages with complex inflections and a relatively free word order, dependency grammars are usually better than methods designed for English. You might search for "Hindi dependency grammar".
For the "word hash" that Google translate generates from Latin, see slide 27 of htp://www.jfsowa.com/talks/nlu.pdf .
As the review in the CL Journal said, the book is an overview of the issues. For details about parsers and parsing, search for the many articles about dependency grammars and their application to Hindi and other languages.