Hi, I have used Microsoft Visio for all sorts of diagrams It works very well ad not had any problems with journals if you save it as an image (I think!). Good luck.

Thanks for information, but if we save diagram as image then which file format is good? Do we need to change resolution?

Preparation of Block Diagrams Block diagrams describe the building blocks of complex systems. Each block is shown as a rectangle (or ellipse) with corresponding input(s) and output(s) connected by lines/arrows to other blocks of the system. The distinct blocks of the system can be represented as interconnected “black boxes”. Each box must have a short and concise label description on white background surrounded by solid black borders. Provide sufficient box size and distance among boxes within the allowed margins. Self-explanatory images can sometimes be included in the block diagrams for more aesthetic view of apparatus and projects and to highlight the existence, availability or importance of a particular device. Preparation of Flow Charts.

Flow charts describe algorithms and programs by means of a set of graphical symbols (Alternate Process, Process, Subprocess, Data, Decision, etc.) interconnected by arrows.

The flow charts follow some strict rules for their visual appearance: - A flow chart starts with a Start symbol and ends with a Stop symbol. - The variables and constants must be initialized before use. - Processes/Subprocesses have only one input and one output. Decisions have only one input and two outputs, correspondingly. - The flows of symbol sequences are oriented vertically on the page. The main flow is directed from the upper side to the lower side of the column. Secondary backward flows are directed in the opposite direction. Horizontal expansions of flow charts are due to the secondary forward and backward flows. - A flow chart should be placed on a single column and should not continue to another column.

The flow charts must be self-explanatory and easy to interpret and analyze. Both block diagrams and flow charts must appear as distinct digital images in the figures of the paper. The images can be prepared by using any suitable graphical software. The following formatting requirements apply to figures containing block diagrams and flow charts: - Size: Figures should fit within the column width. However, large figures can span both columns. - Background: Draw the figures on white background with no surrounding borders. - Title: Place the title on top of the figure. - Figure captions: Place the captions with 6 pt line spacing below the figure. - Font: Use font Arial size 10 for the text in the figure and the captions. - Text wrapping: Align the graphical content of the figures as centered images with “Inline with Text” wrapping.

Do not: - include figure captions as part of the figures. - put figure captions in “text boxes” linked to the figures. - use colors unless specifically needed and will remain distinct when printed in grayscale.

Color images appear only in the online version of the journal. show both a flow chart and a pseudocode for a given algorithm. Various flow charts can be presented as pseudocode and vice versa. Flow charts can be chosen to visualize the algorithm, while the pseudocode, due to its compact form, is more beneficial in case of space limitations.

Preparation of Pseudocode:

The pseudocode provides a language-independent approach of problem solving using English-like descriptions of logical constructions. The visual appearance of the pseudocode should be in a self-explanatory Input→Process→Output format. Represent in bold the reserved terms, such as begin, end, if, then, else, while, etc. The pseudocode can be shown as a part of the main text (see the sample algorithm below) or in a figure containing text (font Arial or Courier New size 10, single line spacing) on a white background surrounded by solid black borders.

Have a professional editing firm copy-edit (not just proofread) your manuscript, including the main text, list of references, tables and figures. The key characteristic of scientific writing is clarity. Before submitting a manuscript for publication, it is highly advisable to have a professional editing firm copy-edit your manuscript. An article submitted to a peer-reviewed journal will be scrutinized critically by the editorial board before it is selected for peer review. According to a statistic shared by Elsevier, between 30 percent and 50 percent of articles submitted to Elsevier journals are rejected before they even reach the peer-review stage, and one of the top reasons for rejection is poor language. A properly written, edited and presented text will be error free and understandable and will project a professional image that will help ensure your work is taken seriously in the world of publishing. On occasion, the major revisions conducted at the request of a reviewer will necessitate another round of editing. Authors can facilitate the editing of their manuscripts by taking precautions at their end. These include proofreading their own manuscript for accuracy and wordiness (avoid unnecessary or normative descriptions like “it should be noted here” and “the authors believe) and sending it for editing only when it is complete in all respects and ready for publishing. Professional editing companies charge hefty fees, and it is simply not financially viable to have them conduct multiple rounds of editing on your article. Applications like the spelling and grammar checker in Microsoft Word or Grammarly are certainly worth applying to your article, but the benefits of proper editing are undeniable. For more on the difference between proofreading and editing, see the description in Elsevier’s Web Shop.

Regards