Dartmouth Flood Observatory headed by Prof. Robert Brakenridge currently in the campus of University of Colorado at Boulder, USA have been monitoring and mapping floods worldwide for over 21 years. Their website contains an active archive of floods since 1985. In addition they also have a list of publications. You might want to contact the team for suggestions and recommendations. http://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/
Mariano Barriendos has an extensive work on this subject.
This is only the latest research (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1623/hysj.51.5.765) but there are a lot of papersfrom the same author to consider.
See a paper by Hunag et al. (2010) related to extraordinary floods of 4100-4000 a BP inn the Jinghe River Gorges, Middle Reach of the Yellow River, China.
According to this paper, holocene extraordinary floods are recorded by slackwater deposits in the stable-bounded bedrock gorges of the Jinghe River in the middle reach of the Yellow River, China. These bedded silt deposits were sourced from a suspended sediment load in floodwater flow.
These floods were dated to between 4100 and 4000 a BP and occurred against a cooling and dry climate background during the global climatic event of 4200−4000 a BP. These extraordinary floods were part of the climate variability during the 4200−4000 a BP climatic event that may have caused the collapse of the ancient civilizations over the Old World. In China's monsoonal regions, both floods and droughts occurred during this abrupt climatic event.
The collapse of the highly developed Neolithic civilizations over the floodplains along the lower course of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River may be attributed to the extraordinary floods that destroyed the settlements and farmlands. The absence of anthropogenic remains in the Chernozem soil lying on top of the palaeoflood slackwater deposit indicates that this late Neolithic settlement was eventually abandoned by the inhabitants after the floods.
Reference
Chun Chang Huang, , Jiangli Pang, Xiaochun Zha, Yali Zhou, Hongxia Su, Yuqing Li. 2010. Extraordinary Floods of 4100−4000 a BP recorded at the Late Neolithic Ruins in the Jinghe River Gorges, Middle Reach of the Yellow River, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.289 (1–4): 1–9.
There are many publications related with historical flood records. Please try to see some if it is useful for your objective.
Strupczewski, W. G., Kochanek, K., & Bogdanowicz, E. (2014). Flood frequency analysis supported by the largest historical flood. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14(6), 1543-1551.
Li, T. Y., Guo, S. L., Chen, L., & Guo, J. L. (2013). Bivariate Flood Frequency Analysis with Historical Information Based on Copula. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 18(8), 1018-1030.
Payrastre, O., Gaume, E., & Andrieu, H. (2013). Historical information and flood frequency analyses: which optimal features for historical floods inventories? Houille Blanche-Revue Internationale De L Eau(3), 5-11.
Alessio, G., De Falco, M., Di Crescenzo, G., Nappi, R., & Santo, A. (2013). Flood hazard of the Somma-Vesuvius region based on historical (19-20th century) and geomorphological data. Annals of Geophysics, 56(4).
Grunewald, U. (2010). On the use of historical flood records. Hydrologie Und Wasserbewirtschaftung, 54(2), 85-92.
Macdonald, N., & Black, A. R. (2010). Reassessment of flood frequency using historical information for the River Ouse at York, UK (1200-2000). Hydrological Sciences Journal-Journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques, 55(7), 1152-1162.
A very systematic approach has been described by Gottschalk, M.K.E., 1971-1975 & 1977 Stormvloeden en rivieroverstromingen in Nederland (still a leading series). Unfortunately it is written in Dutch. She points out that overviews of floods have been greatly disturbed by the doubling of floods due to "correcting" for calendar data. Once lists are combined a doubling may occur up to a factor 8. This seems to hinder especially NW-European registrations. More extensive is Buisman in his series: Duizend jaar weer, wind en water in de Lage Landen (also in Dutch) which gives on each year all known events concerning weather. If you are concerned with river floods than K. Cohen is working on a totally new approach which is quite spectacular. It will be published hopefully next year. Regards
Emily O'Gorman's book "Flood Country: An Environmental History of the Murray-Darling Basin" is a good example on historical research into a river system and floods. Further info on this book: http://ceh.environmentalhistory-au-nz.org/2012/08/flood-country-an-environmental-history-of-the-murray-darling-basin/
A researcher who works on river floods both in Europe (Scotland) and Australia is Justine Kemp at the Rivers Institute of Griffith University. You find her profile here http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/australian-rivers-institute/members/dr-justine-kemp. Have a look at her publications. There is also a paper forthcoming on the Brisbane River that might interes her. I suggest you Follow her ReseachrGate profile for this.