I am now working on the coupling between vertical-cavity surface-emission laser(VCSEL) and waveguide. However, the window design for laser emission is larger than the waist of Gaussian beam emitted from VCSEL.
Does the light come from the center of emission window of the VCSEL or, practically, there is a chance that the light center will deviate from the center of the window? Usually how far it will deviate from the center of the window? (what is tolerance)
Do you have any references for that?
I appreciate your suggestion about this problem!
Do you know that the output from your VCSEL has a mode profile which is Gaussian?
Many VCSELs support multiple transverse modes, and the intensity profile can vary strongly between different samples of the same device, and may also depend on the drive current.
See figures 8 and 9 in this Finisar application note: https://ko.finisar.com/sites/default/files/downloads/application_note_vcsel_optical_modes.pdf
Information on the dynamic response here: https://ko.finisar.com/sites/default/files/downloads/application_note_high_speed_characteristics_of_vcsels.pdf
You may find the section on polarisation mode partitioning of interest if your waveguide is sensitive to polarisation orientation.
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