In the following technical report, Klobuchar states, " The-earliest TEC results, obtained in the late 1950s, showed the first temporal and seasonal, behavior of the topside of the ionosphere."
Klobuchar, J. A.; Aarons, J.; Mendillo, M.; Allen, R. S.; a John P. Mullen; Seeman, D. R. & Basu, S. Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere IONOSPHERIC PHYSICS LABORATORY - AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABORATORIES - L. G. HANSCOM FIELD, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973
available from: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/762481.pdf
A reference was not provided and I have not been able to find a paper from the 50s that discusses the first TEC measurements. Is anyone familiar with the research being referred to?
Cheers,
Alex
As far as I recall, the first TEC observations were made via Faraday Rotation measurements from the Sputnik 3 satellite (launched in 1958). As for who was the first to publish about it, that could be up for some deal of debate. Here's a link to a paper with a good summary of the different techniques used at the time and references to the original papers that present the TEC estimation techniques: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/JZ068i007p01889/full
Thank you David.
The link you sent tries to route me through the UNB Library website, which requires a login. From the doi in the link I found the paper on the Wiley website (which also requires access, but we have a site licence). Exactly what I was looking for:
Lawrence, R. S.; Posakony, D. J.; Garriott, O. K. & Hall, S. C. The total electron content of the ionosphere at middle latitudes near the peak of the solar cycle Journal of Geophysical Research, 1963, 68, 1889-1898
Another good paper that is publicly available:
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/69D/jresv69Dn7p929_A1b.pdf
Thanks again!
Sorry about that. I forgot to take out the UNB proxy tag. Here's the link to the paper without the UNB proxy tag: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/JZ068i007p01889/full
The first TEC measurements were made using signals bounced off the moon in the mid 1950s. See Browne, I.C., J.V. Evans, J.K. Hargraves, and W.A.S. Murray, Radio echoes from the moon, Proc. Phys. Soc. B29, 901 (1956). The first echoes back from the moon were reported (I think) in 1949 by DeWitt and Stodola in Proc. I.R.E., but they didn't know what was causing the systematic fading in their signal (Faraday rotation).
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