Authorship is a mean of giving credit and assigning responsibility for intellectual work. Although some standards have been established by research institutions and peer-reviewed publishing houses, authorship in technical and scientific papers still has no general rules. According to some experts, the practices of authorship ought to be judged in terms of how honestly they reflect actual contributions to the end product. Yet, authorship can become a serious ethical issue in situations involving honorary, ghost, surprise, unrecognized, ... authorship. In your professional opinion, when does authorship become an ethical issue?
I think this is a very challenging issue; many authors even do not refer to contribution of others honestly.
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (aka Vancouver Group) declared that an author must:
1.substantially contribute to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
2.draft the article or revise it critically for important intellectual content; and
3.give their approval of the final version to be published.
4.ALL 3 conditions must be fulfilled to be an author!
Any other contributors only need to be acknowledged.
Please Avoid:
•Ghost Authorship – leaving out authors who should be included
•Gift Authorship – including authors who did not significantly contribute
Kindly, Lijo
Standards and requirements to high ethical principles in conducting a scientific research, should be adhered to.
It is an ethical matter that should be seriously covered and conceived. Education has the major role of such issue.
Nicely said Bassam - What Lijo has contributed is actually what several organizations and publishing houses have set as their in-house guidelines. We await that this goes globally.
Thanks to all!
Of course Yes, dea Ziad! That is I referred at least one reference of a reputed group (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) in my answer and that guidelines are worth to be follow to all researchers.
Cheers
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