I have read in one paper Semiconductor oxides replaces PCBM. Because 1. low cost, 2. They have wide band gap so they can accept electrons easily. Suppose ZnO acts as electron acceptor, then what is the use of active layer here. What is its role i don't understand. How to do fabrication? Now also we have to use Active layer, ETL, HTL? Please anybody Knows answer me
ZnO can be used as both an electron acceptor and/or an electron transport layer.
There is a very recent publication that does exactly this: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00339-015-9444-1
There are other papers where ZnO is used only as an electron transport/hole-blocking layer, as well as papers where ZnO is used purely as an electron acceptor. Typically the ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by precipitating them from a solution of Zn-acetate in methanol.
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