What is the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in biocontrol of plant diseases and sustainable agriculture and role of the rhizosphere in phytoremediation?
Due to my interest in application of cold atmospheric plasma in agriculture, I can make a correlation between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cold atmospheric plasma which lies in their combined potential for enhancing sustainable agriculture. Cold atmospheric plasma can stimulate plant growth and improve seed germination by inducing changes in seed physiology and modifying the rhizosphere environment. Additionally, plasma treatment may influence microbial communities, including PGPR, in the soil. PGPR, on the other hand, contribute to plant health, nutrient availability, and disease resistance. When used in conjunction with cold atmospheric plasma, the combined effect could lead to improved plant growth, reduced reliance on chemical inputs and potentially enhanced resistance to diseases.
These rhizobacteria stimulate plant growth directly by producing growth hormones and improving nutrient uptake or indirectly by changing microbial balance in favor of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere and can suppress a broad spectrum of bacterial, fungal, nematode, and even some viral diseases. PGPR promote plant growth due to their abilities in phytohormone production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus solubilization; produce several substances which are related to pathogen control, i.e., exhibiting competition with plant pathogens, synthesis of antibiotics, antifungal metabolites and defense enzymes. Besides their role in growth enhancement, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria/fungi (PGPR/PGPF) could suppress plant diseases by producing inhibitory chemicals and inducing immune responses in plants against phytopathogens. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the important group of microorganisms, which play a major role in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. PGPR can profoundly improve seed germination, root development, and water uptake by plants. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (or PGPR) are the beneficial microorganism that colonizes rhizosphere and help in promoting plant growth, protecting from biotic and abiotic stresses, and significantly increasing soil fertility. Some rhizobacteria are able to produce phytohormones, including cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA), which play a role in different growth processes in plants, including cell multiplication, which results in increased cell and root expansion. The effectiveness of phytoremediation depends on the chemical and physical properties of the plant, the bioavailability of metals in the soil, and the ability of rhizosphere soil microorganisms to absorb, transfer and detoxify metals.
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