What are the nutritional activities of microorganisms and different types of microorganisms found in soil contribute to the health and productivity of plants?
Soil is a complex ecosystem that provides resources for the development of living organisms. Soil microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are responsible for breaking down biomass, cycling biogenic elements, making nutrients available to plants, degrading impurities, and maintaining soil structure. Microorganisms play a vital role in promoting plant growth in various ways. Some can enter plant cells to fix atmospheric nitrogen, synthesize amino acids and other essential substances, produce phytohormones, fight against plant diseases, and help improve mineral uptake from the soil. The presence of microorganisms in soil is affected by its chemical composition, moisture, pH, and structure. Human activities such as soil tillage have a significant impact on soil's chemical and physical properties, which in turn affects its biological properties.