If you mean distribution as it may have happened the Spaniards entered the picture, you're probably out of luck (it didn't happen, there are no records). If you mean after the Spaniards, the best place to start (as you may well know), is Kris Lane, The Colour of Paradise.
If you are talking truly ancient times, next to none. First 'emeralds' in the ancient world could also be peridot just as 'sapphire' also could mean lapis. Second If you are looking for the origin say of Cleopatra's Emeralds (the famous Cleopatra as there were lots of them) both the dark green peridot from the Afghani region and Indian emerald are the leading candidates. Both were known to be mined at the time and would make far more sense than anything from the New World.