I need to know what tillage systems out there cause the least soil compaction. It'd be great if there were references I could cite. I want to compare tillage systems and how much soil compaction they cause (if that would be possible).
Every pass over the field for any type of tillage or by other farm tools can break up soil aggregates and reduce the ability of the soil to hold moisture. Heavily tilled fields may have a good seedbed for planting, but any rainfall after planting may cause the surface to seal, resulting in surface compaction. Tilled soils are more susceptible to compaction than no-till soils. Tillage contributes to the breakdown of soil structure by compressing and breaking soil aggregates, which are necessary for good air and water movement and good root growth. Conservation tillage systems improve infiltration reduce soil compaction. Compaction reduces infiltration and, inevitably, restricts water flow to the root zone. The only way to eliminate soil compaction is not to drive on the soil. Practices such as no-till-, and conservation tillage agriculture can greatly reduce the amount of stress placed on the soil.