High dropout rates among first- and second-year university students often stem from academic difficulties, financial problems, and lack of support systems. They can be reduced through remedial classes, scholarships, mentoring, and counseling services. Creating an engaging and supportive campus environment helps students adjust and persist.

Sustainable funding mechanisms for agricultural education and R&D can include public–private partnerships, dedicated government innovation funds, CSR contributions, cooperative FPO-financed R&D pools, impact investment, and revenue-sharing models from commercialization of technologies, ensuring long-term support without overdependence on subsidies.