I am also trying to prove that a powder I have is showing ferroelectric properties, but I was under the impression that demonstrating hysteresis in the polarization curve is enough. Apparently, I need to demonstrate the following criteria experimentally:
(1) There must exist a spontaneous polarization over a wide range of temperature. (2) There needs to be a spontaneous reversal of polarization at some critical field (3) There must exist a “congealing” of dipoles below some critical temperature, where “congealing” refers to a hindered rotation of the dipoles. (4) The dielectric constant must exhibit a discontinuity in a temperature profile. (5) The dipoles must be freely rotating above the critical temperature. (6) At high applied electric fields the dielectric constant must cease to be independent of the field strength.
I am agree with Prof. Parida,
P-E loop and Raman in different modes .
Cheers
Santosh K. Tiwari S. K. Parida
What will Raman help reveal? I should say that the reason I'm asking this is because I'm trying to distinguish true ferroelectricity from other phenomenon that can cause hysteresis such as charge-trapping.
At least in ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC), ferroelectric switching is faster than ion movements, and AFAIK inorganic ferroelectrics are way faster than FLC. Maybe you can exploit that to distinguish between those phenomena.
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