Richard Feynman showed that antimatter goes backward in time. Special Relativity shows that some travelers go forward in time more quickly than others.
Time travel appears to have possibilities, but with rules and restrictions.
What Rules Govern Time Travel?
“…Richard Feynman showed that antimatter goes backward in time….”
- Richard Feynman in 1949 [and Ernst Stueckelberg, though, in 1941] didn’t showed in this case nothing besides that such mathematical trick is necessary to/results in fit the developed QED with experiments, despite of that evidently contradicts with the SR, where any “motion backward in time” principally doesn’t exist.
Though in this case that in the SR is really a strange point, since in the SR the time itself moves “forward”, and so in that
“…. Special Relativity shows that some travelers go forward in time more quickly than others…”
- in the SR it is showed as that some travelers go forward in time slower than other, that happens since, if the travelers move in space, they travel in “dilated time”, i.e. in the SR travelers don’t travel in either “normal” or “dilated” time, they move be fixed in the moving time, which moves in the positive direction..
Really time doesn’t move to anywhere fundamentally; and the strange points in the SR above exist because of in mainstream philosophy and science, including for the authors of the SR, all really fundamental phenomena/notions, first of all in this case “Matter”– and so everything in Matter, i.e. “particles”, “fields”, bodies, etc., “Space”, “Time”, “Energy”, are fundamentally completely transcendent/uncertain/irrational; and so in every case, when some authors develop some theory, the result completely obligatorily logically contains some transcendent fantastic fundamental points, as that is, again, in the SR above.
Practically all really fundamental phenomena/notions, including the above ones, can be, and are, scientifically defined only in framework of the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s “The Information as Absolute” conception,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260930711_the_Information_as_Absolute, and
the informational physical model
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354418793_The_Informational_Conception_and_the_Base_of_Physics, which is based on the conception.
Including in the model it is explained what are the Lorentz transformations, which really act in the Matter’s fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, [5]4D spacetime with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z,ct), which [metrics] is composed from really (1+3)D space dimensions and absolutely fundamentally one time dimension, ct,
- and, of course, the both, the space and the time, absolutely fundamentally don’t move to anywhere, that are only dimensions of the spacetime, where all material objects move – with the 4D speeds of light in the (1+3)D space, and with the speed of light in the ct-dimension.
That is another thing, that the motion in the ct-dimension, i.e. just in time, isn’t observable because of the extremely mighty relativity principle, and so in everyday practice and sciences as the time dimension, and corresponding time variable, the cτ-dimension is used, since it fundamentally different from the well observable X,Y,Z dimensions.
Including in the SS&VT physical model it is explained what are particles and antiparticles, including why particles and antiparticles are always moving in opposite directions in the cτ-dimension. I.e. that indeed really happens, and just so the Feynman- Stueckelberg mathematical trick is well essentially adequate to the reality.
As well as in the model it is explained why the other ad hoc transcendent mathematical trick – the Dirac’s “see of negative energies” also allowed to develop well essentially adequate to the reality QM equation for fast moving particles.
More see https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355361749_The_informational_physical_model_and_fundamental_problems_in_physics, here only point else that that
“…..Time travel appears to have possibilities, but with rules and restrictions....”
- is rather vague claim. Everything that changes absolutely obligatorily moves in the real time dimension, and obligatorily only toward in the time; so in this case there are no necessity in any other possibilities, rules and restrictions.
Cheers
Sergey Shevchenko
Feynman, QED Princeton, 1985, page 98. "Every particle in nature has an amplitude to move backward in time, and therefore has an anti-particle."
Nothing in SR says time must forward. It can be written that way but without proof. As matter we go forward in time, without natural concept of reverse time.
CERN did a series of experiments on neutral Kaons and anti-Kaons, finding a small asymmetry that can be interpreted as the detectors all moving forward in time while some of the quarks were moving backward in time. Symmetry can be restored by inserting a small time shift into the calculations.
Particles and anti-particles are usually produced in pairs, but most of the anti-particles are missing from our measurements, having drifted backward in time out of our view. We apply a Highs field to try making mass without ant-matter, while short lived bosons like H and Z are thought to not have antiparticles.
In 4D spacelike Minkowski the time component is imaginary because the square of it is negative. In this context I take the Roger Penrose view from Road To Reality, that the imaginary part represents additional dimensions without saying how many the are or what they contain. The same concept carries over to GR where it is formulated with imaginary time. So backward time is not so outrageous, just unfamiliar.
Ali F Almehemdi
RG malfunctioned and posted your comment several times some of which you can delete at your convenience. My own comment was also posted many times but corrected now.
Reload the page after attempting to save once.
I am looking for new science that might appear on a research site. Old science also appears and needs to provide a path forwards with continuity of new and old. Some comments are not a path forward but do lead to clarification of concept and discovery of assumptions that can be tested.
Usually my posting is in the form of questions and all of the answers are helpful in some way. Much progress has been made .
Result of the past several years is that travel between the stars has become possible although still difficult and demanding of leading edge technologies. Faster than light travel does not occur, but light speed can be changed locally by strong inertia in reading Max Born 1924. We don't need to travel to other stars, but eventually we will, and the opportunity for new science is now, delayed 98 years. The new science in this representation is saying that space travel and time travel are accomplished together with the same equipment and power supplies by configuring the geometries of curl free stress field generators a little differently. Accelerations in a wormhole may be time like as some researchers have predicted.
The need for now is to protect the Earth from accidental impact of a sizeable body like the one that hit Siberia unexpected a few years ago, explosion of 22 megatons equivalent. The same heavy lifting technology developed for star travel or time travel is useful in protecting the Earth, and in the same episodes improving reliability of equipment which needs to be very good and predictable.
Jerry Decker
“…. As matter we go forward in time, without natural concept of reverse time….”
- yeah, that is, of course, so; though here are some fundamental nuances – again – see the SS post above, matter and we go forward in the “true time”, ct-dimension of the Matter’s fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, [5]4D spacetime with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z,ct),
- whereas this dimension doesn’t exist in humans’ everyday practice and in the mainstream physics, and in the practice in all 100 000 years of humans’ existence, and more 300 years in the mainstream physics, after Newton’s definition of “time”
“…Absolute, true and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external…”,
- time flows. Say, in the formula for passed way of something that moves in space with a speed V, S=Vt, the variable “t” flows equably evidently without regard to the something. Again, this time flow is postulated in the mainstream till now, that
“…..Nothing in SR says time must forward. It can be written that way but without proof…..”
- isn’t correct. In the SR the Newton’s definition remains, though is “corrected” by the postulate that this time flow “is dilated”, if something moves. What is really fundamentally nothing else than the transcendent illusory interpretation by the SR authors, who had only some transcendent imagination about what time is, of the experimental data – as that the Newton’s definition was, of course.
And since in the mainstream, again, all really fundamental phenomena/notions are completely transcendent, this strange definition of time exists as the basic postulate in whole physics.
Again, in everyday practice and ordinary physical cases, that is well applicable. However when physics addresses to some really fundamental problems, this fact reveals itself, including because of this transcendence above in QM time also flows, and so in QM – despite of the evident necessity in, and so existence of, the time dimension, the observable “time” in QM hasn’t corresponding operator, in contrast to the 3D space observables, where the operators are the observables, say observable “x” has the operator “x”, and the conjugate observable – momentum Px, and operator ~∂/∂x, etc.,
- and, at that, correspondingly the observable “time” in QM doesn’t have the conjugate observable – momentum Pt, and operator ~∂/∂t.
Again, just so in the other really fundamental points, when the time transcendence in the mainstream reveals itself in fundamental experiments’ outcomes, that in the mainstream is in some cases well effectively “bypassed” by indeed outstanding in those times ad hoc guesses, which have allowed to develop effective theories that are rather adequate to the reality.
Including, again, that are Feynman-Stueckelberg suggestion that antiparticles for some mystic reasons mystically go backward in time, and the Dirac suggestion about existence of the mystic “sea of negative energies”, which [the sea] evidently really doesn’t exist, and antiparticles, of course, as matter and we, really go only forward in time.
Practically all transcendent in the mainstream phenomena/notions can be, and are, scientifically defined only in framework of the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s “The Information as Absolute” conception and, more concretely for the informational system “Matter”, in the informational physical model,
- which is based on the conception; where, correspondingly more 30 really fundamental physical problems, including what really the Feynman-Stueckelberg suggestion and the Dirac’s QM equation are, and why they are adequate to the reality, etc., are either solved or essentially clarified so that possible ways of solving become to be essentially clear,
- and so real development of real physics is possible, and let hope that that will happen, only basing on the conception and the model.
Dear Ali F Almehemdi, yesterday RG worked having some malfunctions, including some posts were multiplicated; what made corresponding, including this, threads inconvenient for the readers. Rather possibly now RG works in standard mode, and so you can delete your superfluous posts by using corresponding RG tool:
- below bottom of every your post two option are “Share” and “reverse ^”, after mouse click on “reverse ^” two next option appear “Edit” and “Delete”, after clicks on “Delete” and “Confirm”, the post is deleted. Thank you for advance.
Cheers
Dear Dr Jerry Decker
In my opinion all Sciences are reached the top.
محمد السيد مطر
أتمنى بداية قوية ، غنية بالمعلومات والمنطق بين الباحثين الذين يعملون بسرعة عالية في الفضاء السحيق.
Dear Dr Ali F Almehemdi
The top of science discovery is lifted occasionally by those who do not know everything and hope to learn more.
Malfunction still occurs when saving a comment.
Remedy is reload the page as soon as the error message occurs.
Comment is saved and not duplicated.
Sergey Shevchenko
“Absolute, true and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external…”,
Everything happens from a cause even if the cause is incomplete as in QM and is represented by a probability distribution.
"a speed V, S=Vt, the variable “t” flows equably evidently without regard to the something."
From Penrose flow of time is referenced to mass and the speed it moves. Without mass there is no way to measure time or distance, leading to singularity of a new big bang.
"In the SR the Newton’s definition remains,"
Newton definition runs perfectly well forward or backward. Not until thermodynamics is an arrow of time introduced. SR does not describe thermodynamics where the energies require GR.
"the observable “time” in QM hasn’t corresponding operator, in contrast to the 3D space observables, where the operators are the observables, say observable “x” has the operator “x”, and the conjugate observable – momentum Px, and operator ~∂/∂x, etc.,"
Reference frames lend toward a robust remedy in 6D where the terms are written all as observables with sum and diagonal components ((cts)2-s2), ((ct1)2-x12), ((ct2)2-x22), and ((ct3)2-x32). This is just the space like subtracted from the time like frame while the fourth dimension, time is separated in three parts. In the metric determinant there is no imaginary part -g42 suggesting that sufficient number of dimensions have been used. The term ((cts)2-s2) is zero for a light ray.
My velocity based system has a similar form considering that local light speed is changing in a curved space, but always greater than local velocity, also each distance has a vt form. (cs2-vs2)ts2, (c12-v12)t12, (c22-v22)t22, and ((c32-v32)t32 Notice that cs2=vs2 and ts is zero for a light ray explaining why ds is set to zero for light speed in other metrics.
"Feynman-Stueckelberg suggestion that antiparticles for some mystic reasons mystically go backward in time,"
Backward time reversal of antiparticles was explained by Feynman in his 1986 Dirac Memorial Lecture, as necessary to keep a sequence of offsetting impulses, changes in momentum, inside the light cone for all observers. Richard P. Feynman, The Reason For Antiparticles, "Elementary Particles And The Laws Of Physics," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, First Paper Back Edition1999, pages 1 to 11.
“sea of negative energies”
Dirac sea is positive energy as Feynman argued in his Dirac lecture. The antiparticles were given negative energies in pair production which helped in discovery of positron, although they were physically too few in number to make a sea of negative energies.
"[the sea] evidently really doesn’t exist, and antiparticles, of course, as matter and we, really go only forward in time."
The sea is argued now decades later based on curvature. I have argued in favor of the Dirac Sea with partition removing the problem of curvature.
Physical laws are the same everywhere and immediately available when needed, meaning that the laws reside in vacuum space and are enforced by the Dirac Sea, which must be very strong to prevent us from changing the laws.
Heisenberg uncertainty tells how much of Dirac Sea can be borrowed briefly and when it must be returned.
Calculation of the energy density is from Planck units, and confirmed by potential energy density at event horizon of a black hole with only a factor of 2 difference.
Preprint “The Information as Absolute” conception: space and time
It is objective reality that was argued and largely discredited by experimental results of QM. Einstein never fully accepted QM as more than an incomplete theory.
I will propose a system of how QM can coexist with objective realty, considering that QM measurements repeated about 30 times always average to the classical law.
Since physical laws reside in vacuum space, they require a finite small volume to be expressed as energy states filled or unfilled, repeated many times in adjacent volumes, making up the Dirac Sea. QM events are thought to occur in volumes that are too small to contain a complete set of laws, and are unpredictable except in probabilities. Repeating the QM events about 30 times discovers a full set of classical laws each time in the averages.
This I proposed about 12 years ago is a bit simplistic, but still the only proposal I know of that always gets the classical law, objective reality, from a sequence of non predeterminate events represented only as probabilities.
"real development of real physics is possible, and let hope that that will happen.."
I will argue that my velocity based reference system in 6D or 12D removes many of the objections.
Jerry Decker
“…[Newton quote] “Absolute, true and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external…” [end quote],
Everything happens from a cause even if the cause is incomplete as in QM and is represented by a probability distribution…..”
- that in italic is, of course, correct [with the correction that QM is completely compatible with cause ], however that looks as a bit strange comment/relation to the Newton’s definition of “time” above, which [time] flows without regard to anything external – and, again, this definition is postulated in mainstream physics with the strange relativistic modifications. There can be, and are, practically infinite events/effects/processes in Matter, which, though are cause-effects, happen in quite different time intervals, but Newton’s time is common and universal for all of them.
“…[SS quote] "a speed V, S=Vt, the variable “t” flows equably evidently without regard to the something."[end quote]
From Penrose flow of time is referenced to mass and the speed it moves. Without mass there is no way to measure time or distance, leading to singularity of a new big bang….”
- that in italic looks as some strange wording. First of all – see the SS post above, “time” is fundamentally cannot, and so fundamentally doesn’t, flow to anywhere [and so the Newton and mainstream physics definitions of “time’ are fundamentally wrong]. Time is, first of all, the dimension of the Matter’s fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, [5]4D spacetime with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z,ct),
- and really in this sense is completely similar to any, including 3 standard, space dimensions, and so the formula S=Vtis really applicable only because of the energy conservation law practically everything in Matter, including completely everything what is observed by humans, constantly and always change their states so, that every change is a sequence of ultimately fundamental elementary changes - changes of the states of the ultimate base of Matter - fundamental the [5]4D binary reversible fundamental logical elements [FLE], which compose the [5]4D dense FLE- lattice that is placed and changes in the corresponding [5]4D spacetime above.
So everything in Matter constantly, and with constant speed, always moves in the true time, ct-dimension, including ordinary clocks that have rest masses do that. But at that all having rest mass material objects, including the clocks, move in parallel in the “coordinate time”, cτ-dimension; since Earth is practically at absolute rest in the 3D space of Matter’s spacetime [speeds ~km/s are inessential in this case], clocks show simultaneously how they move in both “times” dimensions – counting of a clock’s pointer rotations shows the passed in the times way as the odometer in a car, counting the wheels rotations, shows the passed way on a highway.
Just so the fundamentally senseless formula S=Vtis, nonetheless, applicable. To that
“…[SS quote] "In the SR the Newton’s definition remains,"[end quote]
Newton definition runs perfectly well forward or backward.…..”
- in Newton definition time flows, of course, only forward, again – that isn’t essential besides that in this case Newton is “fundamentally correct” – really motion in the true time dimension of any/everything that is changing absolutely fundamentally can be, and happens, only in positive direction.
Etc., as to the rest in your post – sorry, but I as a rule comment only mainstream physics and don’t comment some alternative approaches;
- and, so here only repeat much more important point in the SS post above: that, though using fundamentally wrong “flow of time” in everyday practice and ordinary physics is well adequate to the reality, that becomes to be fundamental hindrance, if some really fundamental problem is studied;
- and what should be done in physics in this case is pointed in the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s “The Information as Absolute” conception and, more concretely for the informational system “Matter”, in the informational physical model, which is based on the conception.
Since the corresponding SS post with the links to papers, where the conception and the model are presented, is now shifted from visible page in the thread, for convenience repeat the links:
- The Information as Absolute” conception
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260930711_the_Information_as_Absolute,
- the physical model in the couple papers
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354418793_The_Informational_Conception_and_the_Base_of_Physics, and
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355361749_The_informational_physical_model_and_fundamental_problems_in_physics.
In the last link the fundamental “time problem” in mainstream physics is considered more in detail.
Cheers
Since ds2 and c2dt2 are both Minkowski solutions in SR and are metric solutions in GR, linear combination is also a solution in both systems. The only innovation is the decomposition of time into three components and the use of velocities in the reference frame. Nothing is lost from using velocities with attached clocks, since the distance components are immediately computable.
x1=v1t1
x2=v2t2
x3=v3t3
The imaginary 4th dimension does not occur since it is decomposed into three real clocks that can run at same or different tempos depending on the velocity vectors attached.
Lorentz transformations apply in the SR case for each velocity component, since Minkowski equations are invariant solutions to the Lorentz transformations.
c2t2 - x2 = c2t'2 - x'2
The Minkowski invariant is given in SR where light speed c is constant. It forms a sound basis for 6D, being invariant in transformations by construction in each component and in the total equation.
The only difference in GR is that light speed is allowed to vary as defined in Einstein equation 107 from Princeton 1921. Term by term invariance is retained as is the over all 6D invariance.
Metrics written in 6D, 3 velocities and 3 clocks, are invariant by construction for all observers.
Sergey Shevchenko
"as to the rest in your post – sorry, but I as a rule comment only mainstream physics and don’t comment some alternative approaches;"
You are on a research site where something new can be expected.
Comments on main stream are always helpful.
My alternative approaches are not far from the main stream, and only occur when a path forward is created to overcome an obstruction in the main stream.
Example is high speed in deep space limited by light speed. Max Born allows local light speed to be increased by reverse curvature, in print English since 1924, discussed by letter with Einstein and added after 1920 German publication from which ir is missing.
https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_1PhYAAAAYAAJ/page/n249/mode/2up
Born followed Einstein 1921 example at Princeton putting ds to zero for metric of light speed. Then he applied reverse curvature, increasing local light speed.
"and other bodies can also attain much greater velocities."
https://archive.org/details/einsteinstheoryo00born/page/284/mode/2up
top of page 285 in 1924 edition,
bottom of page 357 in Dover 1965 edition.
So I ask what is main stream and what is not?
The question about rules of time travel apply to the high speed research.
How do you contain a fluid object or a space containing an object...
Jerry Decker
- again, the thread question is answered in the SS posts above:
- as that is rigorously shown in the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s “The Information as Absolute” conception, and the informational physical model, which is based on the conception [the links see the SS post above] the Matter’s spacetime is the fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, [5]4D spacetime with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z,ct), which [metrics] is composed by really (1+3)D space dimensions and absolutely fundamentally one time dimension, ct;
- absolutely for sure in the spacetime neither space nor time are flow to somewhere, and fundamentally cannot be impacted by anything in Matter – i.e. “contracted”, “dilated”, “curved”, etc.; these really fundamentally transcendent, and really fundamentally non-existent, “properties of the space/time/spacetime” were postulated in the SR/GR as illusory interpretations of existent experimental data by the authors, who have only transcendent imagination about what are the fundamental phenomena/notions “Matter”, “Space/space” and “Time/time”; and, since this fundamental transcendence [and of all other really fundamental phenomena/notions] exists in the mainstream sciences, including physics, till now, the SR/GR are till now standard theories;
- because of the energy conservation law every particle, so body, etc., constantly, and always till exists, moves with only 4D speeds of light in the (1+3)D space with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z), and, since always, including at the 4D motion, changes, in parallel every particle, so body, etc., moves also with the speed of light in the real time – ct-dimension;
- there cannot be fundamentally some negative motion in time dimension, however because of the extremely mighty Galileo-Poincaré relativity principle, the motion in the real time isn’t observable in everyday practice - and because of the transcendence above, in the mainstream physics Matter’s spacetime is 4D, including that in the Newton-Lorentz-Poincaré physics that is 4D absolute Euclidian spacetime, in the SR/GR that are evidently transcendent imaginary [mathematically] Minkowski and pseudo Riemannian spaces,
- where as the time dimension/coordinate the always flowing “cτ-time” is postulated. That happened/happens because of that the space cτ-dimension [that actualizes the reversible degree of freedom at changes of FLE states] indeed drastically differs from the 3D standard space dimensions, including the constant motion of practically everything in Matter in this dimension isn’t directly observable. So the motion is observed indirectly – as, say, changing angle of the pointer of some clock; though as a clock any space dimension can be used, say, if instead of the angle somebody would measure “time” as the distance that is passing by the pointer’s end, and so time would be measured, say, in meters.
Though since the absolutely fundamental phenomenon/notion “Time” is rather similar to the absolutely fundamental phenomenon/notion “Space” – “Time is the space for changing states of changing everything”, it is possible to measure motion in Matter’s everything in the real time dimension in meters as well, as that is in the [5]4D spacetime in the SS&VT model.
That in mainstream, again, is quite permissible in everyday ordinary practice, where, including, SR and GR are well applicable; however that is fundamental impediment if some really fundamental problem is considered, and at real further development of physic at all. Again, the real fundamental physics is possible only in framework of the SS&VT conception and model above.
The above in the post is the rules that govern the, again always and constant time travel of everything in Matter, which – the rules – are determined by the design and construction of the informational system “Matter”; the question “why this design is as it is?” is outside physics .
More see the SS posts above and links, first of all papers, in the posts.
Cheers
Science fiction writer Larry Niven's Law of Conservation of History, which entails that any chain of events will always avoid a paradox (e.g. the grandfather paradox).
“…Science fiction writer Larry Niven's Law of Conservation of History, which entails that any chain of events will always avoid a paradox (e.g. the grandfather paradox).…..”
- this “Law of Conservation of History” is completely valid in Science fiction, and in mainstream physics, though - when the mainstream addresses to some real fundamental problems; however, relating to some travels in time, the grandfather paradox relates to which,
- whereas some travels in time fundamentally are impossible, and so the grandfather paradox has one true solution – it is absolutely impossible to interact really with everything in past,
- nonetheless in the GR travels in time are possible, though in this case not any chain of the GR events results in a time travel, including, say, aimed at to do something with a grandfather; it seems till now that was rigorously proven only by Gödel, who had shown that there exist some solutions of the GR equations with close loop geodesics, and that was an essential fact, from which it follows that the GR is rather questionable theory.
Though in last, and more than a few, decades in the mainstream physics innumerous too strange solutions of the equations were/are obtained/published, and all are quite legitimate in the mainstream; moreover, most of the writers are “prominent physicists” and mostly are editors in quite respectable physical journals, despite of the solutions are nothing else than a full stop science fiction…
More see the SS posts above and links in the posts.
Cheers
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