Recirculatory aquaculture system, biofloc technology, aquaponics and hydroponics.

Dear kovalchuk,

I don't think my answer will directly answer your question, but is just to add some more food for thought.

Taking into account all water in World, only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow, 0.5–0.75% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01%of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers. Water already is (in some parts of the world) and will become the most important resource for Human survival. In my vision freshwater aquaculture will face big pressures in future, mostly because is a very limited resource, especially compared to saltwater.

Our department is looking for ideas of aquaculture research in controlled conditions. What perspectives have recirculating aquaculture systems? Which objects are important to study now and in the nearest future? I would like to know which direction we need to choose for being successful and competitive in future.

RAS, as you mention is a great solution to address the challenge I mentioned before. Beside addressing the problematic of limited freshwater, there many advantages of using RAS systems specially if you consider bio-security and rearing conditions stability.

I think is hard to directly answer your questions, as you know there are many species and rearing systems. My advise would be to look to your region, Central Europe, what are the main challenges in freshwater fish production?

Probably diseases, affected by many vectors; How will climate change influence European freshwater production?; with colder winters (leading to poor /no growth; disease vulnerability) and hotter summers (leading to disease vulnerability; welfare issues, etc).

Hope my comment helps!

Best regards

Rui

Food safety: diseases, parazites and viruses, and feeding efficiency

1. Biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.

2. Toxicity evaluation in aquatic organisms through ultrastrictural and genetic studies ,and mitigating toxiciy using economically viable and eco-friendly means suc as phytoremediation etc

3.Enhancement of aquaculture using latest technologies.

I would agree with Rui Alexandre Gonçalves on the potential research of disease mitigation which might be impacted by climate change. With the restriction of land capacity, plant protein could be hugely in demand particularly for human consumption, hence the world need other resources from aquatic culture to feed the animal.

Nutrition will be an important aspect to look into. I believe single cell protein such as algae could be the future solution for this challenge. Insect protein is also in demand today for the production of fish feed, which is a good sign to alleviate the utilisation of fishmeal in aquafeed. Thus, I guess it might be worth looking at this direction too.

Yes you are on the most relevant pathway

Freshwater aquaculture will soon be in a risky situation, owing to inadequacy of water/space and competing with the other sectors. When fresh water becomes inadequate for human use historically it would depend on what priority man gives for choosing to continue with freshwater aquaculture over his pressing needs such as drinking, food-making and hygiene. When fresh water shortage comes into effect what is the course of action man should take? By now man would have conserved freshwater utilization by all global processes under his control by then, shaping into a manageable human population and total terrestrial biomass. In this context, the first priority in freshwater aquaculture is expanding it, especially increasing of area and intensity and thereby production. Research concentration on selection of suitable sites and species (monoculture and polyculture trials), efficient culture practices including feeding newly evolved feeds (better FCR), feeding behavior/niches, evolving feeds which give optimal return, harvesting, processing and socio-economics - all these need research attention now and in the future.

Your comment is correct and thoroughly relevant therefore I emphasize additional topic

Utilization of waste waters in aquaculture

Thank you, Prof. Gophen.

The cellulosic economy is an anteresting field. Forestry materials and bi-products are under-utilised and have scope for processing/conversion into animal (aquaculture) feeds. Have a look into lignicellulosic single-cell proteins; contributing to the suggestion above by Norhidayah Mohd Taufek

Yes, SCP from lignocellulose waste generated from forestry and agricultural products would be a great ingredients for aquaculture nutrition. Thanks for the suggestion Ben

Recirculatory aquaculture system, biofloc technology, aquaponics and hydroponics.

That is the most relevant approachable

Right

Dear colleagues, many thanks for your ideas and suggestions!

Sustainable aquaculture practices in the area of nutrition and water management.

Aquaponics is also popular now a days.. especially in urban areas or water sacred areas.. it might be a good option to think about it..

aquaponics in he the line of adaptation to climate change

Minimal water use aqua-systems, multi-trophic aquaculture, climate smart aquaculture, biofloc, feed preparation with local ingredients (insect meal), brood stock feed, genetics in aquaculture, waste reduction, biosecured aquaculture, live feed production, aquatic ornamental plant production etc- are currently given much importance in India.

Aquaponics, fish feed preparation using plant source, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) could be the next attention for the freshwater aquaculture.

I think the AQUAPONIC

Trying to get details

Replacement of fishmeal.

Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), less mycotoxin usage, feed ingredients for example, insects meal for fish are some of the example for next attention in freshwater research.