I am preparing a book discussing the neurological and bio-psychological differences in brain structures that are different in males and females and how that impacts on behavior.
Are we genetically influenced or is it more a function of nurture (set up by genetics and hormonal interjections)? I would apprieiate any current information/research in this area.
Cheers
Morris W. Shanahan
Hi,
Here are a few references:
Anthony M, Berg MJ. Biologic and molecular mechanisms for sex differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics: Part I. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Sep;11(7):601-15. doi: 10.1089/152460902760360559. PMID: 12396893.
Fan S, Yeon A, Shahid M, Anger JT, Eilber KS, Fiehn O, Kim J. Sex-associated differences in baseline urinary metabolites of healthy adults. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 8;8(1):11883. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29592-3. PMID: 30089834; PMCID: PMC6082868.
Eliot L, Ahmed A, Khan H, Patel J. Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jun;125:667-697. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026. Epub 2021 Feb 20. PMID: 33621637.
Joel D. Beyond the binary: Rethinking sex and the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Mar;122:165-175. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.018. Epub 2021 Jan 10. PMID: 33440198.
Luders E, Kurth F. Structural differences between male and female brains. Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:3-11. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00001-1. PMID: 33008534.
Ingalhalikar M, Smith A, Parker D, Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, Ruparel K, Hakonarson H, Gur RE, Gur RC, Verma R. Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 14;111(2):823-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316909110. Epub 2013 Dec 2. PMID: 24297904; PMCID: PMC3896179.
Ivan S, Daniela O, Jaroslava BD. Sex differences matter: Males and females are equal but not the same. Physiol Behav. 2023 Feb 1;259:114038. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114038. Epub 2022 Nov 22. PMID: 36423797.
Joel D. Beyond sex differences and a male-female continuum: Mosaic brains in a multidimensional space. Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:13-24. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00002-3. PMID: 33008521.
Lee D, Son T. Structural connectivity differs between males and females in the brain object manipulation network. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 11;16(6):e0253273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253273. PMID: 34115811; PMCID: PMC8195422.
Brivio E, Lopez JP, Chen A. Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains. Genes Brain Behav. 2020 Mar;19(3):e12643. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12643. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PMID: 31989757.
DeCasien AR, Guma E, Liu S, Raznahan A. Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality. Biol Sex Differ. 2022 Jul 26;13(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00448-w. PMID: 35883159; PMCID: PMC9327177.
Thank you so very much. I already have a number of these, but there are several i havent got. Thank you again. Greatly appreciated.
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