You have yourself highlighted the problems of marine fisheries. Solving those problems will help in increasing the productivity of marine fisheries. It is easier said than done as nature of marine fisheries management is very complex. However, observation of closed season with a view to allow the recruitment of young ones should be addressed. As most of marine fisheries consists of multi-species, having different marketable size, selective gear may be developed for fishing particular species. Marine and sanctuaries may be declared with a view to conserve the resources.

The concept of food security does not only refer to food self-sufficiency (necessary and sufficient quantity) but also to food health security (sufficient and necessary quality) and to biosecurity, which essentially refers to the management of biological risks and environmental issues associated with food and agriculture.

Thus, biosecurity requires control of:

- health of living marine organisms,

- exotic species that threaten ecosystems,

- toxic species,

- bioinvasions (invasive species),

- emerging diseases,

- genetically modified organisms (GMOs),

- erosion of biodiversity, etc.

In this context, marine living resources can contribute to food security only if they are managed in a rational and sustainable manner and are valued, but also if they have a good quality and adequate safety and finally if they have sufficient protection.

Well, there is a good choice that marine jellyfish could be as a kind of food resourse which is a long history in east Aisa with thousands years.

For almost twenty years, the evaluation of Mediterranean fishery resources has not been carried out in a systematic and standardized manner. Generally the stocks assessement of fisheries resources it is based on "indirect" and "direct" methods. The indirect metodology they are based on observation the activity of the commercial fleet. While direct methods are based on trawl surveys. It does not seem possible, despite the efforts, to be able to detect quantitative data on catch-effort and biological data of the commercial fleets according to a statistically programmed protocol in the space and in the time. In other words, it is not possible to detect the minimum data to be able to use global or analytical mathematical models, and so much less the ecosystem models so much glorified. Thus, at least in Italy there are no historical series of data, even though minimal, systematically and objectively detected. As far as direct assessment methods are concerned, ie statistically programmed fishing surveys by trawl in space and time, the situation is a bit better but not resolutory. The impossibility to collect data it is not "a objective impossibility" bat it is "a subjectve impossibility". See my question at:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Get_funding_to_do_research_or_do_research_to_get_funding

Given the diagnosis offered together with the question on prioritisation of research and looking at where the levers for greatest gains from remedial action might be expected, I propose reflecting and researching in several - complementary - directions to get started (suggestions are not in hierarchical order):

• research into low impact fisheries and implementation modalities (incl. using the new CMSY method of Froese et al. 2016, particularly for data deficient fisheries);
• research into marine (aquatic) biodiversity and its public documentation and protection (as a way to understand the upstream conditions of sustained seafood production and availability);
• research into options for economic and legal measures against IUU fishing (including taxation, insurance, market access, law enforcement);
• research into approaches within reach of developing countries to combat IUU fishing and enhance monitoring, control and surveillance;
• research into alternative schemes for certification and labelling of sustainable fisheries (incl. small-scale fisheries) that avoid conflict of interest undermining the credibility of the Marine Stewardship Council;
• research into implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Ensuring Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication - with emphasis on suitable forms of action research involving SSF themselves;
• research into nudging and other forms of encouragement/incentives of responsible fisheries (after all, Richard Thaler got the Nobel for his work on nudging);
• research into innovative ways to overcome inertia in the face of scientific facts to support collective learning and more robust decision-making;
• research into the role of social conditions and gender in fisheries and aquaculture in search of levers for transitions towards recovery and sustainable use so that enough food can be produced on a sustainable basis and be accessible to all;
• research into household structure and functioning, food habits, constraints to accessing healthy (sea)food and how to overcome these;
• research into marine pollution, its effects on biodiversity, productivity and entire ecosystems and cost-effective and feasible counter measures (think of eutrophication with growing dead zones, plastic and other litter...);
• research into effects of climate change on marine organisms and ecosystems and remedial action (sealevel rise, oxygen deficiencies, acidification...);
• make research results available in the public domain and allocate resources for story telling about the research process and its results to reach well into societies beyond the scientific community.

NB Food security is a socio-economic concept entailing not only food production per se, but also access to sufficient and healthy food allowing all (children, women and men) to live active lives.

In my opinion, the first priority is implementation of a non-partitioned research system, based on information and resources sharing and on complementarity of projects and integrative actions. Indeed, highly transverse nature of problematics requires a coordinated mobilization of many scientific disciplines in order to initiate integrated and interdisciplinary approaches in which the four aspects of description, understanding, protection and management of marine bioressources develop simultaneously, which requires strong and continuous interactions between the various actors in this research field.

Dr Kui You :

Anarchic development of jellyfish in seas and oceans, following disturbances in marine ecosystems caused by climate change, pollution, and overfishing especially natural predators of jellyfish, prompted FAO to recommend, in 2013, the use of jellyfish for human food.

Most affected waters by proliferation of jellyfish are Mediterranean and Black Sea. The species which develop in these regions are not those which are usually consumed in certain parts of the world. For this, it is necessary to ascertain whether the species are edible or not. Moreover, for those that would be edible, it is necessary to create a local market for them because jellyfish are not included in eating habits of people bordering Mediterranean and Black Sea.

However, research on identification of active biomolecules,

that could be extracted from jellyfish, would be interesting to undertake.

Dear Oum, i apologize for the delay in responding you. I fully agree with you on the opportunity to elaborate and implement a assessment system for Mediterranean fisheries management. Unfortunately, although there is already many good intentions for such a system, national interests and the difficult situation of many Mediterranean countries, for now, make it impossible to implement and realize it.