If you have a dynamic system, for instance if you want to study binding of proteins to nanoparticles, with the use of some modelling, the shift in the position of the plasmon peak observed for Au NPs with UV-Vis can give you information about the amount of binding molecules. Also, shifts in the plasmon peak can show the dispersion state and you have or do not have aggregation/agglomeration in your system. Depending on the number and position of the signals in the UV-Vis spectrum, you can also tell something about the shape and size of your Au NPs.