For example when analyzing how women themselves create "otherness" in their narratives (not in relation to men but to other women).
of course. In Israel their is a strong ideological and actual difference between Ashkenasi(white) and Misrachi (oriental) women
Thank you, Nina! I really enjoyed reading your article from GST - very inspiring!
Personally, I think you can make use of theory of perfomativity (Butler, 1990/1999; 1993), in which she discusses that gender and sex are social-cultural-historical constructions and in doing so they are contingent to many possible and local differences. She proposes, in dialogue with Beauvoir and other theorists like Derrida, Foucault, etc, that there is no such a thing as a model or an essence of an identity and that our performances are local and contingent. But on the other hand they are oriented and framed by histocial and cultural frameworks that deal with expectation of how black (or white), homesexual (or heterosexual), female (or male) people should act and live. We can also add many other traces of sociabilities such as economical status, marital status, age, schooling, professional activities, because all of these may be considered social historical and cultural artifacts. And if you like the ideia of criticizing many of these stereotypes and fixed expectations that we "cultuvate" and bring to our interaction you may also make use of Queer theory that may be used to problematize and denormalising all forms of "natural" behaviour.
If you like these ideas take a look at:
Sullivan, Nikki (2003) A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory.
HALBERTSAM, J. (2005) In a queer time and place: transgender bodies, subcultural lives. New York: New University Press.
BUTLER, J. (1988) Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. In.: Theatre Journal Vol. 40, nº 4, pp. 519-531.
___________ (1993) Bodies that matter. On the discursive limits of sex. London: Routledge.
___________ (1996) Gender as Performance. In.: OSBORNE, P. A critical sense. Interviews with Intellectuals. London: Routledge.
___________. (1999) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.
___________. (2004) Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge.
SALIH, S. (2012) Judith Butler e a Teoria Queer. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica.
_____________. (2004) The Judith Butler Reader.
Hi Maria! Thank you so much for taking the time to reply to my question! I very much appreciate this and I think your suggestion is very interesting! I'm really struggling with finding intersectional theory easy to use as an analytical tool - it seems that it's better used just for posing questions - not finding the answers! :-) I think your suggestion is very useful - as a more theoretical and analytical tool to come to terms with "difference"! Thank you again! /Helen
Dear Helen, I´m glad to have helped you. I´m studying these subjects right now and trying to have these kinds of cautions when dealing with my text and analyses.
What I mean for that: although I´m reading a lot about performance and local/contingent practices and meanings with no prevalence of one "identity" (gender) over others (race, sexuality, age, social class etc), since my focus is on gender performance of fisherwomen it´s almost impossible to give no emphasis to gender discussion. But anyway if instead of looking for final considerations I do like you said - posing more questions and doubts - I think I can deal with different ways of looking at gender together with age, race, sexuality and so on. More than this, if I really analyse my data as (trans)local/contingent practices I may even say that those performances are just one possibility of being among many others to each one of the involved participants, including me. And this position goes hand in hand with queer theory which tries to denaturalize all the given pressupositions.
Anyway, there are authors who say that in order to make the analyses "didatic" we can focus on one idenity trace, although we consider we are a net of them.
I´m just adding another bibliographical resource I forgot to mention in the previous time.
http://www.amazon.com/Gender-Concepts-Philosophy-Tina-Chanter/dp/0826471692
And there are some Portuguese resources. Check if you like them:
1) http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pp/v19n2/a03v19n2.pdf
Abstract: Gender and sexuality are made up of several practices and learning methods, through countless social and cultural instances, in an endless process. These instances have been multiplied and their principles are often different. In this cultural battle, we must observe how normality is constructed and re-constructed, and how differences are considered and treated.
2) http://www.scielo.br/pdf/er/n30/a17n30.pdf
Review of Um corpo estranho: ensaios sobre sexualidade e teoria queer
Best wishes and keep in touch!
Thanks, everyone. as a steel worker's daughter with Ph.D. I understand some of the contradictions of my situation in class terms. In my doss. from 2003-4, I used "nested variables" for "intersectionality." That term wa snot widely used then, as far as I can recall. I saw too many English studies Ph.D. writing monovariate research.
While I agree with Nine Toren, also, I hope that she will refine her study of Ashkenazi Jewish male faculty to the rift between German background Jews and those from Eastern Europe. If Israel is anything like the US, this is a contested zone. I was friendly with the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov, whose wife was from the German background and he from Russian Jewish parentage. That single case made me study the issue and there does appear to be a rift in Jewish culture, at least here in the US. Do women in Israel also "other" themselves by this criterion?
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