Ever increasing population, urbanization and modernization are posing problems of sewage disposal and contamination of surface waters like lakes. Species and habitat dynamics in the face of climate change are complex and have many aspects. Increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations will have an effect on different processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition and generally speed up these processes. Climate-induced changes in ice cover period, thermal stratification and nutrient availability and longer growing seasons affect species composition and food web structures.
Dear Muhaiminul,
I think that we are under new tendency, to go out of problems of large cities. As to my experience, I go out of large city with it problems of smoke, scavenging, conflicts of extra human concentration, supermarkets faking etc.. etc... etc... I built (or rebuilt my 280 m house under the tendencies of the green technologies, had built two solar stations - one in project), and my kids can grow like free persons (even knowledge of 3-4 languages isn't bad?).
So, we are in de-urbanization period, when normal people try to avoid the ab-normal human concentration... Why The USA is great state? Ford cars (motility) and information, Internet, following legislation, state doesn't introduce into private life... simple things, but hardly followed in some states...
Andrey
"What methods of analysis can I use for water quality assessments?"
Basically there are Biological, Physical and Chemical parameters to asses water quality.
Best thing to new starter is to refer USEPA or your county effluent discharge standards.
https://www.epa.gov/eg.
In case you want to analyze the impacts due to polluted water etc., there are impact assessment methods such as ISO.
You mentioned 'urbanization' and sewage disposal. I would sugest you go for physico-chemical parameter assessment. Construction on - going in cites would results in deteriorationg water claritiy especially in rainy seasons. While you should expect the needs to measure parameters linked to sewage especially BOD and COD.
Mohd Yusoff Ishak , If there is "sewage disposal", then measuring physics-chemical parameters is not enough. Pathogens play important role in water quality. Special considering the dose response curves of microbial pathogen, in case of sewage contaminations, the receiving waterbody safety is highly depend on the pathogenic contaminants as well.
In case you are not familiarized with pathogen analyses, initially you may try with pathogen indicators.
In my region trophic status of rivers is monitored by calculating an integrated parameter (LIMeco) that keep into account tabular range of oxygen, ammonium, nitrate and phosporous according to european law. Biotic and ecological network parameters could also be useful depending on the scope of your research.
Just in case you already have measurements to use as input for LIMeco I could send you a logic function for its automatic calculation.
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