Despite the modern political system of nation-state in Yemen, the most powerful non-government (NOG) system relies heavily on tribal leaders (shaiks) who function as local rulers, some of whom represent the government. They can help solve many troubling issues of Yemeni civil society if they along with religious and government leaders reach common or shared economic and socio-political objectives. The problem is that outside forces manipulate ethnic and religious divisions to keep Yemeni groups divided.    

Civil societies in Yemen have always played a crucial role in providing services the central government was unable to. Often collaborating with International NGOs. While tribes and civil societies may work jointly, they are two different entities that current Yemen are in need of. Civil societies are historically politically oriented and affiliated to major parties, and to some extent follow the guidance of the central power. Tribes are often playing as domestic opposition to the central government. I would argue that the synergy of both civil societies (political support) and tribes (local support) is vital to integrate for those who want to reduce tensions among groups...but not only...