One prime Instrument which can require sensitive and continous temperature monitoring is Incubators. 

I'm wondering what range of frequencies do you have in mind, i.e. kHz, MHz, GHz?

Thanl you Parth and Serge

I think kHz could be enough for most of  biological applications...but probably there'll be applications at higher frequency i don't really know.

Dear Salvatore,

Let me clarify my question a bit. For example, if somehow one can monitor temperature variations with MHz-GHz resolution then it opens an opportunity to monitor kinetic changes with micro-/nanosecond resolution. Then, one can perform some interesting experiments on heat dissipation in single cells subject to various excitation conditions (laser on a cell, laser on cell with noble nanoparticles etc.). This just an example of what one can do if the temperature can be measured directly with such resolutions. In short, a time scale would dictate what kind of process/objects can be targeted with it.

i really appreciate your clarification...it was a really helpful answer..especially regarding laser on cell application.

Do you have something that is capable of doing it ;)

no...but it is really interesting how the same physical property can have a different impact if you look at it in different ways.

Очень важное направление - точный контроль температуры вдоль нижней конечности при проведении процедур управления кровотоком при нарушении кровообращения. Необходимо контролировать  температуру с точностью до 0,1С.