Many researchers indicated some reviewers had “required them to include unnecessary references to his/her publication(s).

Reviewer comments intended primarily to encourage citation of a reviewer’s own work are in conflict with the two roles of the peer reviewer: to help the editor determine a manuscript’s merit and to help authors produce the most scientifically rigorous report possible. Furthermore, authors who receive inappropriate self-citation requests from a reviewer are put in the position of having to decide whether to alter their manuscript, possibly changing content substantively, or to argue against incorporating reviewer recommendations, which may raise concerns about whether their manuscript will be accepted for publication.

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