4 Status levels and stages (from highest to lowest)
** transitive but promising. It has led to some improvement
** narrow ideas/inconsistent adaptation/low applicational value. Pck pedagogical content knowledge dominates usa. Ontario model (explorative/constructive) dominates Europe. Traditional dominates Asia
**physicist's distortions-based
i. E. Teaching methods that resemble the scientific practice (overdue explorative, proofs-based) which do notvresonate with audience and operational defined practice i. E use of specific verbs attached to Bloom'scategories, (operationalizing assesment and prohibiting using standard language questions) etc
**Pessimist realist-nothing can be done to improve teaching and learning physics
Expose the students to 21st century skills so that they become creative, inquisitive and motivated. In this way project-based teaching will be effective and include all the relevant teaching methods, this will expose them towards questioning and finding solutions using research, this will result in the upgrading of the status of physics education research.