What is the source of energy that drives air movement in the atmosphere water movement in the hydrosphere and energy flow in the biosphere?
Energy from the Sun is the driver of many Earth System processes. This energy flows into the Atmosphere and heats this system up it also heats up the Hydrosphere and the land surface of the Geosphere, and fuels many processes in the Biosphere. Energy from the sun and the force of gravity drive the continual movement of water on Earth. Human activities impact the water cycle by affecting where water is stored, how it moves, and how clean it is. The flow is unidirectional. It occurs from the sun to plants and from the plants to animals leading to the microbes with the dissipation of heat. The radiations from the sun can be short wave or long wave. The short wavelength radiations include the gamma rays, U.V rays and cosmic rays. Precipitation, evaporation, freezing and melting and condensation are all part of the hydrological cycle - a never-ending global process of water circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds. The Sun is the Primary Source of Energy for Earth's Climate System. The ultimate origin of energy for the biosphere is Sunlight. Sunlight is used by the organisms of the first trophic level,i.e., the producers, and the green plants for producing their own food. The movement of air is called wind. It is caused by uneven heating of the earth by the sun and the rotation of the earth. Wind ranges from light breezes to natural hazards such as hurricanes and tornadoes. The main reason for air movement is the differences caused by temperature and pressure. Unequal heating of Earth's surface by the sun drives the movement of the atmosphere, which we experience as wind. Sunlight allows plants, algae, and cyanobacteria to use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds like carbohydrates. This process is the fundamental source of organic material in the biosphere. Energy is transferred between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere in a variety of ways, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves from place to place. The other two ways heat moves around are radiation and convection.
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