According to different studies and case reports, ranulas are considered as one of the salivary gland pathologies that are associated with HIV/AIDS. what role does HIV play in occurence of ranula?
it has remained most desirable to identify diseases and conditions that could constitute reliable markers of infection with the HIV. Thus diverse investigations worldwide have been done to decipher the sentinel groups of oral mucosal and cutaneo us lesions that could be the defining clinical markers of the emergence and progression of HIV infection.Throughout history of this devastating disease, at least seven cardinal lesions, including oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, have been internationally identified and characterized as being strongly associated with HIV infection.
Recently, an apparently increased occurrence of ranulae have been documented to have been closely associated with HIV infection. The occurrence of bilateral parotid gland enlargement arising from nonspecific cystic degeneration are lesions that have been consistently associated with exposure to HIV. Indeed, in Eastern Africa, parotid gland enlargement remains an important clinical indicator of the possibility of HIV infection. So far, the pathogenesis of cystic lesions associated with salivary glands in general remains elusive. In this article, we contribute more evidence of ranulae as a possible sentinel sign of HIV infection.
Currently, published literature has increasingly projected the ranula as a lesion that may be closely associated with exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this report, we document 28 patients who presented with ranulae, among whom 19 were HIV infected. In some, this was the only lesion that was the sentinel sign of HIV infection. Most probably, this lesion could be considered as one of the clinical markers of this infection.
Dear Sir/Madam,
See this below abstract may be useful for you.
Laryngoscope. 2015 May;125(5):1130-6. doi: 10.1002/lary.25058. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
Oral mucocele/ranula: Another human immunodeficiency virus-related salivary gland disease?
Syebele K1, Munzhelele TI.
Author information
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:
To describe clinical characteristics of oral mucoceles/ranulas, with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related salivary gland diseases.
STUDY DESIGN:
A descriptive and clinical study, with review of patient data.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
We reviewed 113 referred cases of oral mucocele. The following anatomical sites were identified: lip, tongue, and floor of the mouth (simple ranulas), as well as plunging ranulas. The age and gender data of the patients with oral mucoceles were recorded. The HIV status of the patients and other information were reviewed.
RESULTS:
There were 30 (26.5%) males and 83 (73.5%) females. Most patients were below 30 years of age, with the peak frequency in the first and second decade. Ranula (simple and plunging) represented 84.1% of the mucocele locations. Mucocele on the lips represented 10.6%. Seventy-two (63.7%) patients were HIV positive; and 97.2% of them had ranulas. Thirty-eight (33.6%) patients presented with plunging ranulas; and 92.1% of them were HIV positive, compared with two patients presenting with plunging ranulas in the HIV-negative group. These results strongly suggest that an HIV-positive patient is statistically (P < 0.001) more at risk of presenting with not only a simple, but also a plunging ranula type.
CONCLUSION:
This study presents a different clinical picture of oral mucoceles/ranulas, as observed in HIV-positive patients. Additionally, it suggests a possible clinical link between the two pathologies. The authors strongly support the suggestion that oral mucocele/ranula is an HIV-related salivary gland disease.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
4.
© 2014 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
KEYWORDS:
HIV infection; clinical characteristics; oral mucocele/ranula
PMID:
25446909
DOI:
10.1002/lary.25058
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Dear Ms Noor and Dr Bouare
Thank you very much for the links and contribution.
The mechanism by which HIV promotes development of Lymphomas has been clearly put forward, as recent evidence indicates that HIV-encoded proteins endowed with peculiar biologic effects on B lymphocytes are secreted and accumulate in lymphoid tissues, mainly within lymph node germinal centers, where they may act as critical microenvironmental factors promoting lymphoma development.
And this makes me wonder whether there is clear explanation for mechanism by which HIV promotes deveelopment of ranula
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