The process of extracting metal ores buried deep underground is mining. The metal ores are found in the earth's crust in varying abundance. The extraction of metals from ores is what allows us to use the minerals in the ground. Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore. Iron ore is the material from which the metal iron is produced. Metals above carbon in the reactivity series must be extracted using electrolysis. Electrolysis can also be used to purify copper and metals less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their ores by reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal.

The process of extracting mineral from deep under the soil is called mining and there are several methods we use in extracting the mineral. selection of these methods are based on the type of the mineral to be extracted, how valuable the mineral also affects the selection of the extraction method, grade of the mineral of influences the selection of the methods to be used. these methods include:

1. underground mining: It involves creating underground tunnels or shafts to access the ore body. Miners use drilling and blasting techniques to break the ore and extract it through underground tunnels. Examples of underground mining methods include drift mining, slope mining, and shaft mining.

2. open pit mining:Open-pit mining is used to extract minerals that are located near the surface or in large horizontal deposits. It involves the excavation of a large open pit or quarry, using heavy equipment such as excavators and trucks. The ore is then extracted from the pit or quarry using mining techniques such as drilling, blasting, and excavation.

Metals above carbon can extracted from its ore in the following procedures:

1. mining: that is extracting it from the ground

2.crushing and grinding:The extracted ore is usually crushed and ground into smaller particles to increase the surface area for subsequent processing.

3.beneficiation: the ore is processed to remove impurities and concentrate the desired metal. Various techniques such as gravity separation, magnetic separation, and flotation may be employed depending on the characteristics of the ore.

4.smelting: is the process of extracting the metal from the concentrated ore. It involves heating the ore at high temperatures in a furnace along with a reducing agent, such as carbon or carbon monoxide. The reducing agent reacts with the metal oxide in the ore, reducing it to the metallic form.

5.refining: The extracted metal from smelting may still contain impurities. Refining is the process of purifying the metal further to remove any remaining impurities. Techniques such as electrolysis or chemical processes are used to achieve the desired purity.

NOTE: some of these process may vary depending on the type of the ore you are dealing with.