Dear Rabia,

U can follow this article for capping.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2011.11.007

The synthesis of Chitosan/metallic oxide nps can be achieved via Liquid Phase Deposition Technique (LPD).

Generally, the method can be carried out by mixing metallic oxide nps and chitosan in the ratio 3:2.

• Keep the aqueous mixture for 24 hr.

• Stir the mixture well with 4g of polyvinyl alcohol as the capping agent at 70 °C for 5 hr.

• Calcine the mixture at 400 °C to get the desire product.

The optimum concentration of metallic oxide nps in the formation of nanocomposites is 0.40%, and the stirring time at 70 °C plays an important role in the process.

Good Luck !

Thanks a lot Atef Iskander for the detailed reply. Will you please explain the significance of adding polyvinyl alcohol? As we have already added chitosan as capping agent so there should be no need to add polyvinyl alcohol for capping.

In order to prepare chitosan/metallic oxide encapsulated nanocomposites, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are used as the solid support and polymeric stabilizer. PVA is widely used by blending with other polymer compounds to enhance the mechanical properties of nanocomposites because of its compatible structure and hydrophilic properties.

In the broadest sense, PVA acts as a protective agent with formations in water solution and abundant OH groups. It is benign to living tissues, harmless and nontoxic.

Ok got it

Thank you!