It depends on the process You are monitoring. The alpha process is related to the cooperative motion of molecules, thus the activation energy would be related to the translation of molecule through the medium. In case of faster relaxation processes (beta, gamma etc.) the activation energy usually describes the process of change of conformation of molecule.
These values are characteristic for secondary modes. In this case this is the energy needed to initiate change of conformation to another stable state. When the energy is low, speed of this process doesnt change significantly with temperature. On the molecular level it can be for example related to the rotation of side group of molecule. However You should be aware that the beta process with high activation energy can be coupled to the structural relaxation and in such case the activation energy describes local rearrangment of the sorroundings of one molecule instead of conformational interconversion.
There are many ways to describe dielectric relaxation, but one of the most important physical aspects is its dependence on how much energy it takes to break chemical bonds. The less activation energy there is, the more efficiently the molecules move around, and this causes a decrease in the dielectric constant. But what exactly is activation energy?
In short, it’s defined by how hard it is for a molecule to break its chemical bonds.