Dear Abdullaah,
The entropy generation of fluid flow is mainly due to friction. The friction in fluid results from the viscous effect. Regarding the nanofluid, in addition to the friction of nanofluid mixture with walls, there is extra friction coming from the relative motion of nanoparticles within the base fluid (Brownian motion).
Best wishes,
Muneer
Drexler: “The micron scale is volumetrically 10E9 times larger than the nanometer scale. Confusing microtechnology with molecular technology is like confusing an elephant with a ladybug” Nano: the emerging science of nanotechnology, Ed Regis, Little, Brown and Company, 1st Edition, 1995 ISBN 0-316-7358-1 pp 207-208 (quote spans 2 pages)
And flow is a volumetric/mass transfer process....
The so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
During the process of deriving the so-called entropy, in fact, ΔQ/T can not be turned into dQ/T. That is, the so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
The so-called entropy was such a concept that was derived by mistake in history.
It is well known that calculus has a definition,
any theory should follow the same principle of calculus; thermodynamics, of course, is no exception, for there's no other calculus at all, this is common sense.
Based on the definition of calculus, we know:
to the definite integral ∫T f(T)dQ, only when Q=F(T), ∫T f(T)dQ=∫T f(T)dF(T) is meaningful.
As long as Q is not a single-valued function of T, namely, Q=F( T, X, …), then,
∫T f(T)dQ=∫T f(T)dF(T, X, …) is meaningless.
1) Now, on the one hand, we all know that Q is not a single-valued function of T, this alone is enough to determine that the definite integral ∫T f(T)dQ=∫T 1/TdQ is meaningless.
2) On the other hand, In fact, Q=f(P, V, T), then
∫T 1/TdQ = ∫T 1/Tdf(T, V, P)= ∫T dF(T, V, P) is certainly meaningless. ( in ∫T , T is subscript ).
We know that dQ/T is used for the definite integral ∫T 1/TdQ, while ∫T 1/TdQ is meaningless, so, ΔQ/T can not be turned into dQ/T at all.
that is, the so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
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.
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Why did the wrong "entropy" appear ?
In summary , this was due to the following two reasons:
1) Physically, people didn't know Q=f(P, V, T).
2) Mathematically, people didn't know AΔB couldn‘t become AdB directely .
If people knew any one of them, the mistake of entropy would not happen in history.
Please read my paper and those answers of the questions related to my paper in my Projects.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230554936_Entropy_A_concept_that_is_not_a_physical_quantity
In fluid the entropy generattion occurs due to friction between fluid and flow medium. It also depends on the velocity of fluid.
Now the question fluid flow and nano fluid flow. I think there will be a temperature difference occur due to particle size. In nano fluid heat generation is less due to large particle size fluid.
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