This is a broad topic, but one place to start might be the 2012 book "Consciousness: Its Nature and Function" edited by Shulamith Kreitler and Oded Maimon (Nova Science Publishers). This edited volume contains over 20 chapters covering the theory of mind and consciousness from a host of perspectives that range from biological to religious/spiritual to psychological.
"mind your step "= have consciousness of the surrounding and through cognitive activity take the correct decision.
The word ‘consciousness’ is used in many different ways. It is sometimes used for the ability to discriminate stimuli, or to report information, or to monitor internal states, or to control behavior.
We can think of these phenomena as posing the “easy problems” of consciousness. These are important phenomena, and there is much that is not understood about them, but the problems of explaining them have the character of puzzles rather than mysteries. There seems to be no deep problem in principle with the idea that a physical system could be “conscious” in these senses, and there is no obvious obstacle to an eventual explanation of these phenomena in neurobiological or
computational terms.
The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of experience. Humans beings have subjective experience: there is something it is like to be them. We can say that a being is conscious in this sense – or is phenomenally conscious, as it is sometimes put—when there is something it is like to be that being.
A mental state is conscious when there is something it is like to be in that state. Conscious states include states of perceptual experience, bodily sensation, mental imagery,emotional experience, occurrent thought, and more.