Many techniques have been developed to treat wastewater, including nanoparticle-based, biofilm-based techniques and maybe many others. What is needed for future study? How well do we know about the mechanisms (Science)? What is needed to improve current techniques? what is less expensive and easy available? What is some potential new technology for wastewater treatment?
Dear Irfan Ali,
The following articles may reply to your valuable question:
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Article Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plant to Obtain Drinking Water
Best regards,
Djamel Ghernaout
Irfan Ali ..You could look at optimizing filtration methods and using different mediums for removal of TDS ,TSS ,colour
In my opinion PFAS is the biggest issue currently facing both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Good responses. IMO, the biggest challenges does depend on the industry.
in HPI/CPI, the biggest challenge is bio-recalcitrant organics.
Primary metals, (Harvesting and processing), face heavy metals, and toxic by products, like HCN.
Municipal can have it all w the current focus surge on antibiotics. The worry, w such materials, must include the impact between the source and treatment - kms if piping, mammals, and amphibians.
AOP can be used to address many of these w different capital process units and/or different operational parameters.
We need to do a better job of economic analysis with a very keen focus on the energy / water treatment nexus to expand RO treatment and improve concentrate disposal to reduce expensive chemical dependence in third world countries. Solar/Wind with battery backup and sufficient water storage could become least cost, clean and dependable, eviting shocking stories like Zimbabwe Harare WTF imported chemical burden causing public health issues - https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2018/01/08/water-harvesting-cure-harare-water-crisis/
I agree w Margaret - strongly in the drive to eliminate consumables. We are are developing "zero-consumable" solutions in several water applications. The environmental weight of the production, shipping, storage & handling, and application of these products on the environment makes them targets for elimination.
As well known, there are many technologies for treatment of wastewater. Among them, heterogeneous photocatalytic processes are sustainable methods to answer this crisis. But, there are some major bottlenecks about industrialization of this technology. For more details, please refer to the enclosed review papers.
Dear researchers, in my opinion we can research about wastewater biotechnology such as biodegradation of emergine pollutants from wastewater by identifing and isolation the proper microorganisms or gens.
Macro/Micro/nanoplastics in wastewater..
Trending at the moment, Virus removal from wastewater, especially as COVID-19 is being discovered in wastewater
Overall the current urgent topic in wastewater treatment is to turn the wastewater to energy and resources, including clean healthy water. I believe that the self-sustaining synergetic microalgal-bacterial granular sludge process is one of the directions. Second，membrane technology is also one of the hot topics to produce healthy clean water in 21st century. Third，Microbial fuel cell based technology might be one topic.
Interesting question, in my opinion I think that the most important thing when considering the future of conventional and emerging treatments should be the impact that the technology or process that is intended to use has on the environment. In these times the most important thing is efficiency, but in the future this must be limited by the effects of each of the elements that make up the technology (design, construction, assembly, operation, etc.).
From my point of view , the most important subject in wastewater treatment will be to find solution in some critical cases; How to remove thickener sludge floating at the surface from the clarifier without affecting microorganism to be return in the Return Activated Sludge as it is blocking all the system to work.
kLa is a very important design parameter for wastewater aeration. I have studied the energetic optimization and adaptive control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in aerobic fermenters by numerical simulation. The parameters of the usual KLa correlation were estimated on-line and at real-time through the recursive least squares algorithm with forgetting factor, most effectively when a small sinusoidal disturbance was imposed to the manipulated variables (stirring rate and/or air flow). The power dissipated by agitation was accessed by a torque meter (pilot plant). This investigation was reported at (MSc Thesis):
Thesis Controlo do Oxigénio Dissolvido em Fermentadores para Minimi...
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to predictive control and future forecasting in wastewater treatment and reuse. Also the important parameter known as Conductivity of Wastewater and chemical potential of organic materials been harnessed as source of treatment have been greatly understudied.
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