That's an interesting question you got there. Based on my research and as supported by WHO (2021), drug-resistant infections are mostly brought on by the improper use and abuse of antibiotics. The proliferation of bacteria, some of which may be resistant to antibiotic therapy, is encouraged by a lack of clean water, proper sanitation, and effective infection prevention and control. Attached link might help you in gaining more information about antimicrobial resistance.

World Health Organization (2021). Antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance#:~:text=Misuse%20and%20overuse%20of%20antimicrobials,be%20resistant%20to%20antimicrobial%20treatment.

Most certainly it is antibiotics. These substances are found widely in the natural environment and it is not surprising that some strains of bacteria have developed resistance, but as this is usually costly in energy, they remain in small proportions of the Total. However, when those antibiotics are manufactured in vast quantities and are used irresponsibly, the mutants flourish and we get populations that are predominantly resistant. This doesn't mean that we should stop using antibiotics, as they are lifesavers, but we should learn to use them properly. For example, we should not need to use them prophylactically in animal farming (due to intensive unnatural farming practices) and they should not be sprayed on crops (Trump approved the use of 450,000 kg of tetracycline sprayed onto fruit trees that were diseased, again because of poor farming practice). Professor Paul Ehrlich taught us in 1913, decades before we had therapeutic antibiotics, how resistance would arise, and then he told us how to avoid it. Everyone applauded and immediately forgot it!

Misuses and overuses of antibiotics are the main factors in the development of drug- resistant bacteria

Misuse and incomplete consumption of antibiotics cycle are developing the resistance

Dear Rajdeep Day, incomplete consumption of the antibiotics is debatable. In a hospital environment, proper antibiotic stewardship ensures continual review of antibiotic treatment so that the drugs are stopped when clinical evidence shows that they are no longer needed. This shortens course and limits exposure, so reducing resistance. In a community setting, thesis rarely possible, and the course prescribed should be completed, but this risks unnecessary exposure to the drugs if, for example, a 14 day course is prescribed but the infection resolves in 5 days, giving 9 days of unnecessary exposure. This is why there is a great deal of work on shortening prescribed courses, eg 1-2 days for UTI.

The wrong get rid from the growing strains in our lab.after cultivation sometimes without proper autoclaving this has a role in conjugation or even transformation that occurs among these strains so that resistance genes for antibiotics will be tranfered .

Indiscriminate and exaggerated use without proper indications and controls .