Energy is most important factor for Wireless sensor networks. A node is connected to the base station through a singlehop or a multihop. Here sleeping and wake-up schemes of different nodes are very important to achieve energy efficiency of the system. A protocol is used for communication between the nodes. So what is the most energy efficient protocol for Wireless sensor networks and how can we use priority and delay terms in designing protocols.
The answer to your question is not straight forward. By nature MAC protocol depneds on the specific applications. You can refre to "Energy Saving Mechanisms for MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks" http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/163413 for some general overview.
APTEEN which based on LEACH and TEEN is good protocol in terms of energy saving
If you care about throughput and are interested mostly in routing, then this protocol is the most energy-efficient one, as far as I know:
D. Puccinelli and M. Haenggi, “Reliable Data Delivery in Large-Scale Low-Power Sensor Networks,” ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol. 6, pp. 28:1-28:41, July 2010.
Cluster based routing scheme can be used for energy efficient domain.
For homogeneous environment LEACH and for heterogeneous environment SEP are the classical protocols.
Number of variants of these protocols are available in the literature.
LEACH is a good routing protocol for applications when data needs to be sent in all cases and it is assumed that all cluster heads can communicate with a sink via a single hop communication. This scenario is not possible for applications when data need to be sent based on different thresholds (monitoring applications) and also when source nodes are far way from the sink.
Based on this, a lot of improvement has been carried out recently to improve LEACH based on the target applications. So it is not possible to say which protocol is the best as this depends of the target applications.
Routing is definitely important. However, the lower layers should also be considered carefully. Take a look at IEEE802.15.4e (note the "e"), WirelessHART, ISA 100...
EEMHR: Energy efficient multilevel heterogeneous routing protocol for WSN published in IJCS, Wiley
Hello Dear, Vikram Kulkarni,
f you are interested working at MAC sub-layer, then you should go with Boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) protocol that is highly energy efficient and read following contribution that is actually helpful.
Regards,
Nyembo
Article Energy-Efficient Boarder Node Medium Access Control Protocol...
In my own opinion, there is no best protocol but there is most suitable protocol for a specific application. As we all knew that WSN has been adopted in lots of fields, different applications will have various requirements. But we can assume our targeted WSN is highly energy constraint, and energy efficiency mechanisms could be applied in almost all the layers of this protocol stack, such as MAC layer, routing layer and application layer. So we might think in this way, we need a protocol stack or a set of protocols to ensure the data communication is energy efficient. On the other hand, the trade-off between energy consumption and delay is the essential issue in this topic. But it is impossible to consider all the perspectives in the design of protocols, so the problems are still like many discusstion in numerous literatures, the protocol design is depending on a specific application field with clear characteristic requirements since it would be more complicated to design a protocol to be generalize to all the fields except you are designing a protocol framework.
I share Yibo Chen's point of view. "There is no best protocol, but there is a most suitable protocol for a specific application". In fact, to the best of my knowledge, all the existing protocols are application-specific, and the performance that are highlighted in the papers depend on the context of their use.
For instance, considering a low Duty Cycle increase the network lifetime. However this has a negative impact on the nodes' reactivity, which may increases the communication delay. So energy conservation becomes more complex when the application has other constraints, that may be as critical as the nodes' lifetime.
Now comes the "Publicity" section of this reply (lol ^_^). This is our FF-MAC protocol, an IEEE 802.15.4-like MAC protocol designed for applications with different data priorities (real-time and Best effort) following the Multi-source multi-Sink communication model in WSN. The aim is to keep low delay even when rediucing the DC.
Article FF-MAC : Fast Forward IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol for Real-Ti...
The answer to your question is not straight forward. By nature MAC protocol depneds on the specific applications. You can refre to "Energy Saving Mechanisms for MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks" http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/163413 for some general overview.
For more information about the comparison of the different routing protocols please follow the paper in the link: Article Comparison of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks ...
Best wishes
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